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Abstract. We conducted a randomized controlled trial to compare local recurrence rate after transuretheral resection of superficial bladder cancer treated by either intravesical instillation of an anticancer drug alone (method A) and the intravesical instillation plus oral chemotherapy (doxi- fluridine, 5'-DFUR, an intermediate metabolite of capecitabine) (method B). Results between groups showed no difference in recurrence-free survival curves in 196 patients subjected to primary analysis. However, patients subjected to secondary analysis (method B, over 3 months administration of 5'- DFUR) showed a significantly better prognosis than method A (p=0.0244, Wilcoxon). Regarding correlation between thymidine phosphorylase (TP, an enzyme to convert 5'- DFUR to 5-fluorouracil) level and prognosis, method A patients showed poorer prognosis in higher TP level cases than in lower TP levels. However, ...

Abstract. 5-Aminolevulinic acid mediated changes in tissue specific fluorescence were studied in bladder cancer . Bladders of normal patients and also patients diagnosed with cancer were instilled with 5-aminolevulinic acid and the resultant protoporphyrin IX mediated fluorescence intensity was imaged and quantified with confocal laser microscopy and fluorescence image analysis. Urothelial tumour cells were observed to fluoresce more intensely than normal urothelial cells. Submucosa and muscle tissues exhibited minimal fluorescence compared to urothelial cells of malignant origin and also normal urothelial cells. Degree of fluorescence intensity was in the order of malignant urothelium > normal urothelium > normal submucosa > normal muscles. Fluore- scence intensity was also found to increase with duration of ALA instillation. Grade 3 malignant cells produced more fluorescence ...

bladder cancer BLADDER CANCER Shahid Waheed, M.D. Incidence There are approximately 55,000 new cases of bladder , ureter and renal pelvis cancers in the United States with approximately over 13,000 deaths each year. Epidemiology Gender Men have more incidence of bladder cancer than women and increased incidence in 7th decade of life. Race Cancers are more common in whites than blacks – 2:1. Etiology and Risk Factors Cigarette smoking Analgesic abuse Analgesic compounds, especially Phenacetin, has been associated with increased risk of bladder cancer Chronic urinary inflammation Occupational exposures Workers with organic chemicals, rubber, paint, and dye industries have increased risks of urothelial cancers. Etiology and Risk Factors Balkan nephropathy ...

H:\EVERYONE\SYSTEMIC\Chemo\Protocol\GU\GUBP.doc GUBP Interim Version Last revised 1 Sep 1999 Page 1 of 2 BCCA Protocol Summary for Therapy for Locally Advanced Bladder Cancer Using Concurrent Cisplatin with Radiation (Interim Version) Protocol Code : GUBP Tumour Group : Genitourinary Contact Physician : Dr Chris Coppin GU Systemic Therapy Contacts : CCSI Drs Susan Ellard, Judy Sutherland FVCC Dr Chris Coppin VCC Drs Nevin Murray, Cicely Bryce, Kim Chi VICC Drs Heidi Martins, Catherine Fitzgerald ELIGIBILITY/TESTS: Locally-advanced bladder cancer being treated with radical or palliative radiotherapy Calculated creatinine clearance (Cockcroft) > 50 mL/min No contraindication to cisplatin such as clinical deafness TREATMENT: Cisplatin 100 mg/m² q2w x 3 to begin during first week of radiotherapy if ...

H:\EVERYONE\SYSTEMIC\Chemo\Protocol\GU\GUBCG.doc GUBCG Last revised: 1 Dec 2000 1 of 4 BCCA Protocol Summary for BCG Therapy in Bladder Cancer Protocol Code GUBCG Tumour Group Genitourinary Contact Physician Dr. Chris Coppin This protocol is primarily for the guidance of the individual patient’s consulting urologist. Some additional details are provided to assist any other physicians involved in administering the treatment. (see references 1-3 for reviews) The protocol should be read in conjunction with the BCCA Cancer management Manual available on-line at http//:www.bccancer.bc.ca. Topical BCG may also be used for treatment of non-invasive transitional carcinoma of the upper urinary tract in selected patients. Consultation with a member of the BCCA GU Tumour Group is advised. Adjuncts: patients who smoke should be advised to quit. Evidence ...

© The Ulster Medical Society, 2002. 128 The Ulster Medical Journal The Ulster Medical Journal, Volume 71, No. 2, pp. 128-131, November 2002. Case Report Gall bladder cancer – Radical surgery, the key role to improve outcome P Bhuta, M G Brown, J M Alderdice Accepted 12 June 2002 Causeway Hospital, Coleraine, Co. Londonderry. P Bhuta, FRCS, Surgical Registar M G Brown, MD, FRCS, Consultant Surgeon Dr J M Alderdice, FRCPath, Consultant Pathologist Correspondence to Mr Bhuta Gall bladder cancer is one of five most common malignancies of the gastro-intestinal tract. Most of the cancers are detected during histological examination after cholecystectomy. Females are more commonly affected than males with a ratio of 4:1. A direct association exists between the presence of cholelithiasis and the development of gall bladder carcinoma. ...

21 Urinary Bladder Cancer Cancer of the urinary bladder is the fifth most common cancer in the United States. Each year, approximately 38,000 men and 15,000 women are diagnosed with bladder cancer . This is the fourth most common type of cancer in men and the eighth most common in women. Like almost any malignancy, bladder cancer is a multifactorial disease with both an environmental and genetic component. The most important known risk factor for bladder cancer is cigarette smoking; cigarette smokers develop bladder cancer two to three times more often than nonsmokers (Silverman et al., in press). Risk increases with amount smoked (number of packs per day), with moderate to heavy smokers experiencing two to five times the risk of nonsmokers. Quitting smoking is associated with a 30% to 60% decrease in risk. Smoking is estimated to be responsible ...

MANAGEMENT OF SUPERFICIAL BLADDER CANCER WITH THE COMBINATION OF INTRAVESICAL CHEMOTHERAPY AND HYPERTHERMIA www.Medical-Enterprises.com Medical Enterprises Europe B.V. Assumburg 152 B, 1081GC Amsterdam, The Netherlands Tel: +31 (0) 20 642 3719 Fax: +31 (0) 20 642 1161 E-mail: synergo-med@planet.nl MEL-Medical Enterprises Ltd. 6 Odem st. P.O.B 7166, Kiryat Matalon Petah-Tikva, 49170, Israel Tel: +972 3 924 4830 Fax: +972 3 924 5340 E-mail: mel@mel.co.il Page 2 2 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS - (1991 - 2004) 1. Van der Heijden A.G, Cornelius F. J. J, Verhaegh G, O’Donnell M.A, Schalken J.A, Witjes J.A. The Effect of Hyperthermia on Mitomycin-C Induced Cytotoxicity in Four Human Bladder Cancer Cell Lines. Submitted for publication to J Urol 2004. 2. Van der Heijden A.G, Kiemeney L.A, Gofrit O.N, ...

Last revised: 6/7/04 University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center Patient Education Document #0024 Sept03 Ed. Online version at: http://www. cancer .med.umich.edu/learn/pwbladder.htm 1 University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center Patient Education Resource Center (PERC) INFORMATION GUIDE Bladder Cancer The purpose of this information guide is to help patients newly diagnosed with Bladder Cancer and their families to find sources of information and support. This list is not meant to be comprehensive, but rather to provide starting points for information seeking. The materials can be found at the Patient Education Resource Center (PERC) of the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center in room B1-361. Pamphlets Available free at the Patient Education Resource Center on Level B-1 ...

Tumori, 90: 175-180, 2004 Acknowledgments : Funded by the Ministry for Science and Technology of Serbia through contract No. 1460. Correspondence to : Dr Vladan Radosavljevic ´, Institute of Preventive Medicine, Sonje Marinkovic ´ 4, 11080 Zemun-Belgrade, Serbia. Tel +381-064-2371485; fax +381-11-625871; e-mail rvladan@eunet.yu Received March 27, 2003; accepted August 28, 2003. NON-OCCUPATIONAL RISK FACTORS FOR BLADDER CANCER A CASE-CONTROL STUDY Vladan Radosavljevic´ 1 , Slavenka Jankovic´ 2 , Jelena Marinkovic´ 3 , and Milan -Dokic´ 4 1 Institute of Preventive Medicine, Zemun-Belgrade; 2 Institute of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Belgrade University; 3 Institute for Statistics and Informatics, School of Medicine, Belgrade University; 4 ...

Tumori, 90: 175-180, 2004 Introduction An increased risk of bladder cancer has been detected for a number of occupational exposures, such as in the rubber and dye industries, aluminum production, in coal miners, and in leather, textile, chemical and metal work- ers 1 . A number of aromatic amines have been recog- nized as bladder carcinogens 1,2 . Culture-mediated (habits) and socioeconomic factors also contribute substantially to the etiology of bladder cancer and may play an even more important role than the occupational environment 3,4 . The most important known risk factor for bladder cancer is cigarette smoking 3 . Urine plays a major role in bladder carcinogenesis, acting as a transport mechanism for carcinogens, con- taining factors stimulating cell proliferation, and indi- rectly ...

Patient Description The patient is a 79-year-old male who presents with significant urinary frequency, urgency, and moderate dysuria of about six months’ duration. He had previously received a two-week course of a fluoroquinolone antibiotic from his primary care physician without clear improvement. He denies fever, chills, flank pain, or gross hematuria. He admits to a moderate decrease in his urinary force of stream, which has remained unchanged over the past year. His medical history is remarkable for two prior diagnoses of myocardial infarction, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, osteoarthritis, and a cerebral vascular accident with minimal motor deficit and mild memory loss. He was treated for tuberculosis 20 years ago. He has no current angina. Medications include atenolol, hydrochlorothiazide, and low-dose ...

bladder cancer Electronic Image Safe (Remove for final output) BCG Plus IFN- Combination Therapy Rationale Evidence of synergistic activity Accentuates the TH1 cytokine response Recombinant interferon alfa and BCG have complementary biologic activities Infiltration of lymphocytes and NK cells to bladder (BCG) Increased HLA expression on TCC cells (IFN- ) Increased cytolytic activity of cytotoxic T cells (IFN- ) Recombinant interferon alfa and BCG are biocompatible Reduced dose of BCG may reduce toxicity while maintaining efficacy BCG Plus IFN a Mechanism of Action Bladder Tumor Cell Expressing Activation Markers and BCG Antigens TH1 IL-2 IFN- g TH0 IL-12 TNF- a IL 12 ...

CME Posttest FAQs on Intravesical Immunotherapy for Superficial Bladder Cancer Release Date: July 15, 2002 CME Instructions This activity comprises four parts to be sent to you throughout the year. To earn credit, you must read and complete all four parts. To receive documentation of your participation in this four-part CME activity for a total of 1 hour of CME credit, please complete the following steps: 1. Read each newsletter. 2. Complete the CME posttest included in each of the four parts. 3. Mail or fax each of the completed posttests to Projects In Knowledge SM , One Harmon Plaza, Secaucus, NJ 07094; fax: 1-201-617-7333. 4. After reading the final part, complete the CME evaluation survey contained therein. 5. Mail or fax your final posttest and the CME evaluation survey to Projects In Knowledge at the address and fax number above. At the end of the series, Projects ...

CME INFORMATION Projects In Knowledge is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians. Projects In Knowledge designates this educational activity for up to 1.5 hours in Category 1 credit toward the AMA Physician’s Recognition Award. Each physician should claim only those hours of credit that were actually spent on the educational activity. PILOT TESTING Projects In Knowledge thanks Thomas P. Alderson, MD, for pilot testing this activity. LEARNING OBJECTIVES After participating in this activity, physicians will be better able to: • Describe the epidemiology, risk factors, grading/staging, and natural history of superficial bladder cancer • Evaluate patients with hematuria for bladder cancer using cystoscopy, cytology, and other urine-based tests, and radiologic imaging • Formulate appropriate ...

BLADDER CANCER - All Sections BLADDER CANCER What Is Cancer ? Cancer develops when cells in a part of the body begin to grow out of control. Although there are many kinds of cancer , they all start because of out-of-control growth of abnormal cells. Normal body cells grow, divide, and die in an orderly fashion. During the early years of a person's life, normal cells divide more rapidly until the person becomes an adult. After that, cells in most parts of the body divide only to replace worn-out or dying cells and to repair injuries. Because cancer cells continue to grow and divide, they are different from normal cells. Instead of dying, they outlive normal cells and continue to form new abnormal cells. Cancer cells often travel to other parts of the body where they begin to grow and replace normal tissue. This process, called metastasis, occurs as the cancer cells ...

Measurements using the alkaline comet assay predict bladder cancer cell radiosensitivity MAL Moneef 1 , BT Sherwood 1,2 , KJ Bowman 1 , RC Kockelbergh 2 , RP Symonds 3 , WP Steward 3 , JK Mellon 2 and GDD Jones* ,1 1 Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, Hodgkin Building, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, PO Box 138, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK; 2 University Division of Urology, Leicester General Hospital, Gwendolen Road, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK; 3 University Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, Osborne Building, Leicester Royal Inf irmary, Leicester LE1 5WW, UK In the UK, the two main treatments of invasive bladder cancer are radiotherapy or cystectomy. However, B50% of patients undergoing radiotherapy ...

O RIGINAL A RTICLE Disinfection Byproducts and Bladder Cancer A Pooled Analysis Cristina M. Villanueva, *† Kenneth P. Cantor, ‡ Sylvaine Cordier, § Jouni J. K. Jaakkola, Will D. King, ¶ Charles F. Lynch, ** Stefano Porru, †† and Manolis Kogevinas *‡ Background: Exposure to disinfection byproducts in drinking water has been associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer . We pooled the primary data from 6 case-control studies of bladder cancer that used trihalomethanes as a marker of disinfection byprod- ucts. Methods: Two studies were included from the United States and one each from Canada, France, Italy, and Finland. Inclusion criteria were availability of detailed data on trihalomethane exposure and ...

Because bladder cancer is not widely discussed, you may believe that it is a rare disease. Yet this form of cancer occurs more often than you might think. In fact, it is the fourth most common cancer among men and the ninth most common among women in the United States. Each year, more than 50,000 new cases of bladder cancer are detected. Fortunately, the majority of bladder cancers do not grow rapidly and can be treated without major surgery. Thus, most patients with bladder cancer are not at risk of developing a cancer that will spread and become life-threatening. Early detection is vital; it allows the prompt treatment that gives patients the best chance for a favorable outlook. This booklet is designed to answer your questions about bladder cancer - what it is, what its signs are, how it is treated, and what you can do to help keep your bladder healthy. ...

28 September 2001 ImmuCyst®81mg launched for the treatment of superficial bladder cancer in the UK Following a successful application for a product licence, Cambridge Laboratories have launched ImmuCyst®81mg, a treatment for superficial bladder cancer in the UK. ImmuCyst®81mg is the Connaught strain of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) and is licensed for the treatment and prophylaxis of primary or recurrent carcinoma in situ of the bladder . It is also licensed for prophylaxis of primary or recurrent stage Ta and/or T1 papillary tumours following transurethral resection (TUR). Bladder cancer accounts for approximately 5000 deaths per year in the UK alone1; it is the fifth most common cause of cancer in men and the tenth in women. Each year, 12,000 individuals are diagnosed with bladder cancer in the UK. Of these new cases, 70% are thought to be due to superficial ...

BIOMEDICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES 16 , 355-368 (2003) Bladder Cancer and Arsenic Exposure: Differences in the Two Populations Enrolled in A Study in Southwest Taiwan S TEVEN H. LAMM *,#,1 , D ANIEL M. BYRD † , M ICHAEL B. KRUSE * , M ANNING FEINLEIB # , AND S HENG -H AN LAI # * Consultants in Epidemiology and Occupational Health, Inc., Washington, DC 20007,USA; # Johns Hopkins University-Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA; † Consultants in Toxicology, Risk Assessment, and Product Safety, Washington DC 20024, USA Objective Analyses of bladder cancer mortality in the Black Foot Disease (BFD) endemic area ...

Page 1 Arsenic in Drinking Water and Bladder Cancer Mortality in the U.S.: An analysis based on 133 U.S. counties and Thirty Years of Observation † By Steven H. Lamm, MD Arnold Engel, MD Michael B. Kruse, PhD Manning Feinleib, MD Daniel M. Byrd, PhD Shenghan Lai, PhD Richard Wilson, D.Phil __ Correspondent: Steven H. Lamm, MD Consultants in Epidemiology and Occupational Health, Inc. [CEOH] 2428 Wisconsin Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20007 202/333-2364 Steve@CEOH.com Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine March 2004 Abstract: 135 Text: 4,580 (without references, tables, and figures) Date Submitted: August 18, 2003 Date Accepted: December 17, 2003 † An earlier draft of this paper was submitted to the Environmental Protection Agency October 31, 2001. Earlier drafts ...

Incidence and Mortality Rate Trends While urinary bladder cancer incidence is significantly higher in Whites than in African Americans, the mortality rates are nearly the same, due in large part to the later stage at diagnosis among African Americans. Rates for Hispanics, Asians and Pacific Islanders, and American Indians/Alaskan Natives are lower than those for Whites or African Americans. Overall incidence has stayed the same or risen slightly since the 1980s, but mortality dropped through the 1980s, resulting in increased survival. Males have greater incidence and mortality rates than women in all ethnic groups. It is estimated that approximately $1.9 billion* is spent in the United States each year on treatment of bladder cancer . *In 1996 dollars, as determined by Brown, Riley, Schussler, and Etzioni and reported in the National Cancer Institute’s ...

bladder cancer Bladder Cancer Luke Walker MD February 20, 2004 Epidemiology 80% of cases in US in pts >60 yrs. 2nd most common malignancy in men >60 yrs. 57,000 cases per year, with 12 deaths per year in US. Epidemiology Male to female ratios 3:1 in US and as high as 10:1 in American Indians. Higher risk seems to be completely dependent upon higher exposures to risk factors. Caucasians>African-Americans & Latinos>Asians>American Indians Etiology Most cases thought to arise from environmental exposure of urothelium by carcinogens in urine or activated by hydrolyzing enzymes. Thought to explain frequent multifocal presentation; however, often the multifocal cells are monoclonal. Etiology Chemicals– aromatic amines, incl. aniline dyes, arylamines, benzidine, ...

Let's Make Cancer History 1 8 8 8 9 3 9 - 3 3 3 3 I w w w. c a n c e r. c a Bladder Cancer What you need to know Page 2 BLADDER CANCER What you need to know Even though we hear about cancer almost every day, when you are diagnosed with cancer you may feel alone and afraid. You may also feel overwhelmed by all the information you are given and by the need to make so many decisions. This publication will give you and your family introductory information you need when you first learn that you have bladder cancer . It will help you gain a sense of control and help you work with your healthcare team to choose the best treatments for you. Page 3 1 What is cancer ? Cancer is a disease that starts in our ...

Disease profiling in superficial bladder cancer Dr. E. Solsona Chief of Service of Urology. Instituto Valenciano de Oncología. Valencia. Spain. Superficial bladder tumours are a heterogeneous tumour family characterised by its capacity to develop superficial recurrence and, in less extent, progression to muscle-invasive tumours. As a whole, from 37.2 to 72.7% of patients will develop superficial recurrence and from 2.2 to 49% progressions (table 1). Transurethral resection is the standard treatment for these patients, but according to previous data is insufficient in a vast majority of them. Since seventies intravesical adjuvant therapies have been applied in order to reduce recurrence and to prevent or at least delay progression. Some drugs have been used as intravesical chemotherapy and, more recently, intravesical immunotherapy, essentially based on bacillus Calmette-Guerin. In randomised ...

381 Am J Epidemiol 2004;159:381–389 American Journal of Epidemiology Copyright © 2004 by the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health All rights reserved Vol. 159, No. 4 Printed in U.S.A. DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwh054 Case-Control Study of Bladder Cancer and Exposure to Arsenic in Argentina Michael N. Bates 1 , Omar A. Rey 2 , Mary L. Biggs 3 , Claudia Hopenhayn 4 , Lee E. Moore 5 , David Kalman 6 , Craig Steinmaus 1 , and Allan H. Smith 1 1 Arsenic Health Effects Research Group, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA. 2 Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Catolica de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina. 3 Arsenic Health Effects Research Group, School of Public Health, ...