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N Engl J Med, Vol. 346, No. 14 · April 4, 2002 · www.nejm.org · 1047 N E U R O B L ASTO M A S C R E E N I N G NEUROBLASTOMA SCREENING AT ONE YEAR OF AGE F REIMUT H. S CHILLING , M.D., C LAUDIA S PIX , P H .D., F RANK B ERTHOLD , M.D., R UDOLF E RTTMANN , M.D., N ATALJA F EHSE , M.D., B ARBARA H ERO , M.D., G ISELA K LEIN , P H .D., J OHANNES S ANDER , M.D., K ERSTIN S CHWARZ , M.D., J OERN T REUNER , M.D., U LRICH Z ORN , P H .D., AND ...

[CANCER RESEARCH 63, 3026 –3031, June 15, 2003] Advances in Brief Lytic Bone Lesions in Human Neuroblastoma Xenograft Involve Osteoclast Recruitment and Are Inhibited by Bisphosphonate 1 Yasuyoshi Sohara, Hiroyuki Shimada, Miriam Scadeng, Harvey Pollack, Shinya Yamada, Wei Ye, C. Patrick Reynolds, and Yves A. DeClerck 2 Departments of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology [Y. S., C. P. R., Y. A. D.], Biochemistry and Molecular Biology [Y. A. D.], Pathology [H. S., C. P. R.], Radiology [M. S., H. P.], Neurosurgery [S. Y.], and Preventive Medicine [W. Y.], Childrens Hospital Los Angeles and Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90027 Abstract Neuroblastoma is the second most common solid tumor in childhood and frequently metastasizes to the bone marrow and the bone matrix. The mechanism involved ...

Texas Children’s Cancer Center and Hematology Service Neuroblastoma What is neuroblastoma ? Neuroblastoma is a type of cancer that arises from the autonomic nervous system in the body. The autonomic nervous system controls things like blood pressure in the arteries, movement within the intestines, sweating, and many other activities. Parts of the autonomic nervous system lie along the spine and in the adrenal glands above the kidneys. Neuroblastoma may start in any of these areas. Most often, it starts in the abdomen—either in the adrenal glands or around the spinal cord. Neuroblastoma can also start around the spinal cord in the chest, neck, or pelvis. It can spread to lymph nodes, liver, skin, bone marrow, bone, lungs and brain. Neuroblastoma is one of the most common kinds of cancer in children. It occurs most often in ba- bies and ...

D ATA S HEET Rev 030502D Neuroblastoma Marker Ab-1 (Clone NB84a) Mouse Monoclonal Antibody Cat. #MS-492-S0, -S1, or -S (0.1ml, 0.5ml, or 1.0ml Supernatant) Cat. #MS-492-R7 (7.0ml) (Ready-to-Use for Immunohistochemical Staining) Cat. #MS-492-PCS (5 Slides) (Positive Control for Histology) #&&( ÃXrvtu?rÃ9? ÃA?r?Ã86ÃÃ(#$"(ÃVT6Ã Ury)Ã ' Ã'!' %!'ÃÃAh?)Ã $ Ã(( !'!%Ã @?hvy)Ãyhi?v?v?5yhi?v?v? pÃÃXri?v?r)Ã yhi?v?v? p Comments: Ab-1 recongizes a protein of 57kDa which is found in a wide range of normal tissues, including most epithelia and endothelial cells. Ab-1 is useful in identification of pediatric, small round blue cell tumors. Approximately 90% of neuroblastomas are stained by this antibody whereas all other tumor types such as leukemia, rhabdomyosarcomas, and Wilm’s tumors are ...

1 The transcription factor EGR-1 promotes apoptosis of neuroblastoma cells. Short title: Role of EGR-1 in neuroblastoma cell death. Miguel Pignatelli *‡ , Rosario Luna-Medina *‡ , Arturo Pérez-Rendón * , Angel Santos † & Ana Perez-Castillo * ‡ Both authors contributed equally to this paper * .- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas- Universidad Autónoma, 28029-Madrid. † .- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de.Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid. Requests for reprints: - Ana Perez-Castillo. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma, 28029-Madrid. Spain. Phone: 34-91-5854625, Fax: 34-91-5854587, E-mail: aperez@iib.uam.es . Or ...

neuroblastoma Neuroblastoma THE FACTS: What is it? Neuroblastoma is a form of cancer, found primarily in children, that attacks the developing nerve cells. In Neuroblastoma , cancerous tumors form from cells called neural crest cells. These cells are similar to those found in the developing nervous systems of an embryo or a fetus. The human body has two glands known as adrenal glands, one above each kidney. These glands are triangular in shape and are responsible for secreting hormones that control the body?s involuntary responses such as blood pressure and heart rate. Neuroblastoma can start in the bundle of nerves in the adrenals, as well as in the nerve groups in other parts of the body responsible for the body?s involuntary responses. ...

Last Revised: 3/5/2003 UM Cancer Center Patient Education Document #0007 Mar03 Ed. Online version: http://www.cancer.med.umich.edu/learn/percpathways.htm University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center Patient Education Resource Center (PERC) INFORMATION GUIDE Childhood Cancer: Neuroblastoma The purpose of this information guide is to help parents of children newly diagnosed with Neuroblastoma find sources of information and support. This list is not meant to be comprehensive, but rather to provide starting points for information seeking. The materials can be found at the Patient Education Resource Center at the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center in room B1-361. Article Available in the Patient Education Resource Center level B1 room 361 Reynolds, Patrick C. Treating High-Risk Neuroblastoma at the ...

InPro Biotechnology, Inc. Page 1 of 2 870 Dubuque Avenue Technical Support: support@inprobiotech.com South San Francisco, CA, 94080, U.S.A. Sales: sales@inprobiotech.com Telephone: +1 (650) 624-0100 Version: 03-2003 Research Reagents Prion Infected Mouse Neuroblastoma Cell Line (ScN2a) Overview Clone N2a was established by R.J Klebe and F.H. Ruddle from a spontaneous tumor of a strain A albino mouse (Ref. 1). This tumor line, designated C1300, was obtained from Jackson Laboratories, Bar Harbor, Maine. These neuroblastoma cells are infected with the RML strain of mouse-adapted scrapie prions and subcloned (refs. 2, 3). The persistent scrapie infected mouse cell line ScN2a is an excellent model for the in depth study of the pathogenesis of scrapie. Product Description Product No. ICL-N2AI Organism Mus musculus (mouse) Biosafety ...

InPro Biotechnology, Inc. Page 1 of 2 870 Dubuque Avenue Technical Support: support@inprobiotech.com South San Francisco, CA, 94080, U.S.A. Sales: salest@inprobiotech.com Telephone: +1 (650) 624-0100 Version: 03-2003 Research Reagents Mouse Neuroblastoma Cell Line N2a Overview Clone N2a was established by R.J Klebe and F.H. Ruddle from a spontaneous tumor of a strain A albino mouse (ref. 1). This tumor line, designated C1300, was obtained from Jackson Laboratories, Bar Harbor, Maine. This neuroblastoma cell line is susceptible to prion infection and we offer this cell line as a control for the scrapie infected ScN2a cells (Product No. ICL-N2AI). Product Description Product No. ICL-N2AC Organism Mus musculus (mouse) Biosafety Level 1 Tissue Nerve Karotype 2n = 40 Genotype albino Morphology ...

neuroblastoma Neuroblastoma Appendix Equations Equation brieftitle Sentence Note 1 IP3 flux The flux of IP3 is dependent on the flux density amplitude of IP3 and the exponential decay rate of IP3. What does Allbritton et al 1992 paper say? 2 [IP3] The change in the concentration of IP3 over time is dependent on the diffusion of IP3 in multiple directions minus the rate of degradation of IP3, which is a function of the rate constant times the current concentration. ([IP3]-[IP3]0) is the current measured concentration of IP3- the initial measurement of IP3. 2b uncaged [IP3] Concentration of IP3 at time zero is the basal level of IP3 + the uncaged amount of IP3. i.e. ( [IP3]0 +[IP3]max) For uncaged experiments: equation 1 is set to 0 ...

· 853 · Zhang HY et al / Acta Pharmacol Sin 2003 Sep; 24 (9): 853-858 1 Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No 301230050. 3 Correspondence to Prof TANG Xi-Can. Fax 86-21-5080-7088. E-mail xctang@mail.shcnc.ac.cn; and Prof Stephen BRIMIJOIN. Fax 507-284-9111, E-mail brimijoi@mayo.edu Received 2003-05-26 Accepted 2003-07-14 ©2003, Acta Pharmacologica Sinica Chinese Pharmacological Society Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences http://www.ChinaPhar.com Apoptosis induced by ß -amyloid 25-35 in acetylcholinesterase- overexpressing neuroblastoma cells 1 ZHANG Hai-Yan, Stephen BRIMIJOIN 2,3 , TANG Xi-Can 3 State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, ...

Neuroblastoma Incidence in Illinois: 1986-1994 Neuroblastomas are childhood tumors of the autonomic nervous system. The annual incidence rate among children under 15 years of age in the United States is nine to 11 cases per million. In Illinois, according to data reported to the Illinois State Cancer Registry for 1986 through 1994, the annual incidence rate was 10.3 per million. Table 1 lists numbers of neuroblastoma incidence among children less than 15 years of age by county in Illinois from 1986 though 1994. As one would expect, counties with a large population, such as Cook and Du Page, tend to have more cases. In order to detect unusually high incidence of neuroblastoma , numbers in Table 1 need to be related to their population denominators, compared with the expected number of cases based on the overall neuroblastoma incidence in Illinois, and expressed in terms of probabilities. This was done by calculating ...

Maternal Vitamin Use and Reduced Risk of Neuroblastoma Andrew F. Olshan, 1 Joanna C. Smith, 1 Melissa L. Bondy, 2 Joseph P. Neglia, 3 and Brad H. Pollock 4 Background. Previous studies have suggested that maternal vitamin use during pregnancy may reduce the incidence of childhood brain tumors. Using data from a large North Amer- ican study, we conducted an analysis to investigate maternal vitamin use and neuroblastoma in offspring. Methods. Cases were children diagnosed with neuroblastoma over the period 1 May 1992 to 30 April 1994 at Children’s Cancer Group and Pediatric Oncology Group institutions throughout the United States and Canada. One matched con- trol was selected for each case using random-digit dialing. We obtained vitamin use information during specific periods be- fore and during ...

Abstract . Peripheral neuroblastic tumors (PNT), are hetero- geneous neoplasms that include neuroblastoma (NB), ganglio- neuroblastoma (GNB) and ganglioneuroma (GN) and present great biological heterogeneity. There are few reports analyzing PCNA and Ki-67 expression in PNT; however, controversy exists concerning the specificity of PCNA as a real proliferative marker. The objective of our study was to determine which of these cellular proliferation markers is more specific on cellular cycle and could contribute with more information on the cell cycle. We found that PCNA was expressed in NB unfavourable cases, with MYCN amplification and high mitosis-karyorrhexis-index (MKI). Whereas, Ki-67 showed statistical significance regarding cases unfavourable with intermediate and high MKI, aneuploid and stages 3 and 4. Survival showed that patients with tumor not expressing Ki-67 (MIB1) lived longer ...

[CANCER RESEARCH 61, 5102–5105, July 1, 2001] N -(4-Hydroxyphenyl)retinamide Elevates Ceramide in Neuroblastoma Cell Lines by Coordinate Activation of Serine Palmitoyltransferase and Ceramide Synthase 1 Hongtao Wang, Barry J. Maurer, C. Patrick Reynolds, and Myles C. Cabot 2 John Wayne Cancer Institute at Saint John’s Health Center, Santa Monica, California 90404 [H. W., M. C. C.]; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Children’s Hospital, Los Angeles, California 90027 [B. J. M., C. P. R.]; and Departments of Pediatrics [B. J. M., C. P. R.], Cell and Neurobiology [B. J. M.], and Pathology [C. P. R.], University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90033 ABSTRACT The retinoid N -(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (4-HPR; fenretinide) is cytotoxic to a variety of cancer cell lines, and we previously showed an association between ceramide ...

International Neuroblastoma Pathology Classification for Prognostic Evaluation of Patients with Peripheral Neuroblastic Tumors A Report from the Children’s Cancer Group Hiroyuki Shimada, M.D., Ph.D. 1 Shunsuke Umehara, M.D. 1 Yasumasa Monobe, M.D. 1 Yoichi Hachitanda, M.D. 1 Atsuko Nakagawa, M.D. 1 Shoko Goto, M.D. 1 Robert B. Gerbing, M.A. 2 Daniel O. Stram, Ph.D. 3 John N. Lukens, M.D. 4 Katherine K. Matthay, M.D. 5 1 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medi- cine, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles and Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern Califor- nia, Los Angeles, California. ...

Web Immagini Gruppi Directory News Novità! Ricerca avanzata Preferenze Cerca nel Web Cerca solo le pagine in Inglese Spiacenti, nessun contenuto associato a questo URL Web La ricerca di - cache:q_03tRuBZAoJ:www.nant.org/documents/mponbl2002ambrose.pdf allintitle: neuroblastoma filetype:pdf OR filetype:doc OR filetype:ppt OR filetype:xls OR filetype:rtf - non ha prodotto risultati in nessun documento. Suggerimenti: - Assicurarsi che tutte le parole siano state digitate correttamente. - Provare con parole chiave diverse. - Provare con parole chiave più generiche. - Provare con un numero minore di parole chiave. ...

Histopathology (International Neuroblastoma Pathology Classification) and MYCN Status in Patients with Peripheral Neuroblastic Tumors A Report from the Children’s Cancer Group Shoko Goto, M.D. 1 Shunsuke Umehara, M.D. 1 Robert B. Gerbing, M.A. 2 Daniel O. Stram, Ph.D. 3 Garrett M. Brodeur, M.D. 4 Robert C. Seeger, M.D. 5 John N. Lukens, M.D. 6 Katherine K. Matthay, M.D. 7 Hiroyuki Shimada, M.D., Ph.D. 1 1 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medi- cine, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, and Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern Califor- nia, Los Angeles, California. 2 Childrens Oncology Group ...

Neuroblastoma Imaging Using a Combined CT Scanner–Scintillation Camera and 131 I-MIBG H. Roger Tang, Angela J. Da Silva, Katherine K. Matthay, David C. Price, John P. Huberty, Randall A. Hawkins, and Bruce H. Hasegawa Departments of Radiology and Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, California High-dose administration of 131 I-metaiodobenzylguanidine ( 131 I- MIBG) continues to be a promising treatment for neuroblastoma . However, currently used methods of estimating 131 I-MIBG uptake in vivo may be too inaccurate to properly monitor patient radiation exposure doses. To improve localization and uptake measure- ments over currently practiced techniques, we evaluated different methodologies that take advantage of the correlated patient data available from a combined CT–scintillation camera imaging sys- tem. ...

Targeting neuroblastoma with 131I-labeled and 67Cu-labeled antineuroblastoma antibody chCE7. (I. Novak-Hofer, J. Grünberg, K. Zimmermann, N. Venetz, in collaboration with C. A. Hoefnagel, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam) Neuroblastomas are tumors which arise during the development of the sympathetic nervous system. They can often be cured in Stages I to II, but patients with more advanced disease (stage III and IV) and recurrent tumors have a poor prognosis. Such relapses may appear as solid tumors, as bone marrow infiltrations, metastases in the bone or other distant metastases and current radiological methods cannot always determine the full extent of metastatic disease. Imaging with 123I-metaiodo-benzylguanidine (MIBG), a catecholamine analogue which is specifically taken up in tumor cells originating from the neural crest, is a very sensitive and specific modality to detect neuroblastoma , ...

[CANCER RESEARCH 60, 712–721, February 1, 2000] Integrins v 3 and v 5 Are Expressed by Endothelium of High-Risk Neuroblastoma and Their Inhibition Is Associated with Increased Endogenous Ceramide 1 Anat Erdreich-Epstein, Hiroyuki Shimada, Susan Groshen, Ming Liu, Leonid S. Metelitsa, Kwang Sik Kim, Monique F. Stins, Robert C. Seeger, and Donald L. Durden 2 Divisions of Hematology-Oncology [A. E-E., M. L., L. S. M., R. C. S., D. L. D.] and Infectious Diseases [K. S. K., M. F. S.], Neil Bogart Memorial Laboratories, and Departments of Pediatrics and Pathology [H. S.], Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90027; and Department of Preventive Medicine [S. G.], University of Southern California School of Medicine and the Children’s Cancer Group, Arcadia, California ...

1 DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING IN NEUROBLASTOMA Hans Ringertz, M.D., Ph.D. INTRODUCTION Neuroblastoma is a biologically very special neoplasm that is unique to child- hood. As can be seen from Table 1 it is the fourth most common paediatric malignancy in the Nordic countries and constitutes around 6% of all malignancies in children. Neoplasm in patients below 16 years of age in the Nordic countries during the years 1985 and 2001 in order of frequency No. of new cases % 1 Leukaemia 3249 34 2 Central nervous system and intracranial and intraspinal neoplasm 2596 27 3 Lymphomas and other reticuloendothelial neoplasm 1116 11 4 Sympathetic nervous system tumours 595 6 5 Renal tumours 556 6 6 Soft tissue sarcomas 540 5 7 Malignant bone tumours 297 3 8 Germ-cell, trophoblastic ...

EMF AND NEURAL CELLS 865 EXPOSURE TO 50 HZ MAGNETIC FIELDS OF A NEUROBLASTOMA CELL LINE: EFFECTS ON APOPTOSIS Negroni A. 1* , Pirozzoli M.C. 1 , Lovisolo G.A. .1 , Mosiello L. 1 , Laconi C. 1 , and Marino C 1 . 1 ENEA CR Casaccia, section of toxicology and biomedical sciences, Via Anguillarese 301, 00060 Rome, Italy *e-mail address: Anna.negroni@casaccia.enea.it short title : Magnetic fields and neural cells Abstract Environmental electromagnetic fields, such as those from electric power transmission and distribution lines, have recently been associated with increased risk of leukaemia and cancer of the nervous system. Laboratory investigations are necessary to support epidemiological data. In ...

Biochemical Society Transactions (2002) Volume 30, part 4 ability to cleave this mutant antibody not only at 227–228 but also at or close to the Pro-235–Thr- 236 peptide bond, which is the specific cleavage site in wild-type IgA1 for type 2 IgA1 proteases of N . meningitidis and H . influenzae . References 1 Plaut, A. G. (1983) Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 37, 603–622 2 Senior, B. W. Loomes, L. M. and Kerr, M. A. (1991) Rev. Med. Microbiol. 2, 200–207 3 Kilian, M., Reinholdt, J., Lomholt, H., Poulsen, K. and Frandsen, E. V. G. (1996) Acta Pathol. Microbiol. Immunol. Scand. 104, 321–338 Targeted cytokine delivery to neuroblastoma P. K. Dehal 1 , M. J. Embleton, J. T. Kemshead and R. E. Hawkins 2 Medical Oncology, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, Wilmslow Road, Withington, Manchester M20 4BX, U.K. Abstract ...

Novocastra Laboratories Ltd Balliol Business Park West, Benton Lane, Newcastle upon Tyne NE12 8EW, United Kingdom Telephone: +44 (0) 191 215 0567 Facsimile: +44 (0) 191 215 1152 Registered Office: Balliol Business Park West, Benton Lane, Newcastle upon Tyne NE12 8EW, UK. Registered No: 2163063 (England and Wales) NB84/05/99 Data Sheet Neuroblastoma Marker mouse monoclonal antibody NCL-NB84 Specificity Uncharacterised molecule of 57kD, found in most normal human tissues, including most epithelial and endothelial cells. Clone NB84a Ig Class IgG1 Antigen used Human neuroblastoma tissue. for immunisations Hybridoma partner Mouse myeloma (p3-NS1-Ag4-1). Preparation Lyophilised tissue culture supernatant containing 15mM sodium azide. Reconstitute with 1ml or 0.1ml of sterile distilled water as indicated ...

Novocastra Laboratories Ltd Balliol Business Park West, Benton Lane, Newcastle upon Tyne NE12 8EW, United Kingdom Telephone: +44 (0) 191 215 0567 Facsimile: +44 (0) 191 215 1152 Registered Office: Balliol Business Park West, Benton Lane, Newcastle upon Tyne NE12 8EW, UK. Registered No: 2163063 (England and Wales) NB84-FITC/05/99 Data Sheet Neuroblastoma Marker FITC-Conjugated monoclonal antibody NCL-NB84-FITC Specificity Uncharacterised molecule of 57kD found in most normal human tissues, including most epithelial and endothelial cells. Clone NB84a Ig Class IgG1 Antigen used Human neuroblastoma tissue. for immunisations Hybridoma partner Mouse myeloma (p3-NS1-Ag4-1). Preparation Purified mouse monoclonal antibody conjugated to fluorescein isothiocyanate isomer 1, containing 15mM sodium azide. Vial ...

Advances in Neuroblastoma Research – Paris, 17 th -19 th June 2002 1 Program - Tuesday June 18 th June PLENARY SESSION 3: BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL Room "Grands Lacs-Baïkal-Victoria" CHAIRPERSONS: J. MARIS and PF. AMBROS OB-15 8.15 a.m. TRAIL Pathway-Associated Gene Clusters on 2q33 and 8p21 are Often Methylated in Neuroblastoma Van Noesel MM, van Bezouw S, Voûte PA, Herman JG, Pieters R, Versteeg R. Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. The Johns Hopkins Oncology Center, Baltimore, USA and Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands OB-16 8.35 a.m. A Novel Mechanism for Potentiation of TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis: Resveratrol Sensitizes Neuroblastoma Cells for TRAIL through p21-Mediated G1 Arrest Fulda S, Debatin KM. University Children's Hospital, Ulm, Germany OB-17 ...

EXPERIMENTAL and MOLECULAR MEDICINE, Vol. 33, No. 1, 37-45, March 2001 Adaptation of cAMP signaling system in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells following expression of a constitutively active stimulatory G protein alpha, Q227L Gs a Ik-Soon Jang 1 and Yong-Sung Juhnn 1,2 1 Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea 2 Corresponding author: Tel, +82-2-740-8247; Fax, +82-2-744-4534; E-mail, juhnn@snu.ac.kr Accepted 23 March, 2000 Abbreviations: AC, adenylate cyclase; ACI, AC isoform I; dbcAMP, dibutyryl cAMP; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydroge- nase; Gs a , alpha subunit of stimulatory G protein; PDE, cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase; PKA, cAMP-dependent protein kinase; RT-PCR, reverse transcription-polymerase chain ...

Marilyn J. Siegel, MD Hemant Ishwaran, PhD Barry D. Fletcher, MD James S. Meyer, MD Fredric A. Hoffer, MD Diego Jaramillo, MD Ramiro J. Hernandez, MD Susan E. Roubal, DO Barry A. Siegel, MD Daryl J. Caudry, MS Barbara J. McNeil, MD, PhD Index terms: Computed tomography (CT), comparative studies, 60.1211, 80.1211 Magnetic resonance (MR), comparative studies, 60.1214, 80.1214 Neoplasms, staging Neuroblastoma , 60.3251 Radionuclides, comparative studies, 60.1216, 80.1216 Published online before print 10.1148/radiol.2231010841 Radiology 2002; 223:168 –175 Abbreviations: RMSE root-mean-square-error ROC receiver operating characteristic 1 From the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radi- ology, Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S Kingshighway Blvd, St Louis, MO ...