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Image Guidance Techniques Related to Radiation Oncology Robert Cormack Department of Radiation Oncology DFCI/ BWH Cancer Center Page 2 Outline • Radiation Oncology • Imaging • Diagnosis: Visual • Treatment – Brachytherapy: Visual -> Adaptive – External Beam Visual -> Adaptive • Evaluation – Brachytherapy: Multimodal Registration – External Beam: Deformable Registration • Future Page 3 Radiation Oncology • Radiation damages cells • Cancerous cells are less able to repair radiation damage • Two approaches – Single shot tumorcidal dose – Fractionated treatment: 10-40 treatments allowing preferential repair of normal tissue • Constraints – Neighboring sensitive structures – Uncertain target definition – Uncertain target location ...

Screening for prostate cancer Dr. Laurence Klotz Professor of Surgery, University of Toronto Chief, Division of Urology Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Sciences Centre Introduction Prostate cancer is currently the most common human internal malignancy and the second most common cause of cancer death in men. The disease has increased dramatically in incidence since 1989 when PSA ( Prostate Specific Antigen) first became available in Canada, and began to be used for early detection and screening for prostate cancer . The incidence of prostate cancer increased by about 300% over the next decade, an unprecedented rise. This was largely due to an increase in case findings resulting from the PSA test. Since about 2000, incidence rates have fallen again as the prevalent cases have been treated and the incidence rates again reflect new (‘incident’) cases of the disease. ...

Seite 1 driving immune concepts to clinical proof ! Allogeneic Prostate Cancer Vaccine (VPM-4-001) Target Product Aqueous suspension of irradiated allogeneic human LNCaP cells which have been stably transfected to permanently express IL-2 and IFN-?. VPM-4-001 is being developed for the treatment of prostate carcinoma by repeated subcutaneous injection. Indication, Medical Need and Market In certain immunogenic cancers, like prostate cancer , renal cell carcinoma or melanoma, the use of a therapeutic vaccine evoking an immune response to these cancer cells could have the potential to beneficially influence the course of the disease and to improve prognosis. But there are two disadvantages that limit the suitability of parental cancer cells. First, parental cancer cells insufficiently present their tumour specific antigens to T-cells due to the lack of MHC-I expression. ...

Exploring Spatial Clusters and Outliers in Prostate Cancer Rates Luc Anselin University of Illinois,Urbana-Champaign http://sal.agecon.uiuc.edu/ Page 2 Acknowledgments • National Cancer Institute • Association of Teachers of Preventive Medicine / Centers for Disease Control • National Science Foundation • Center for Spatially Integrated Social Science Page 3 Outline • Introduction - ESDA • ESDA Methods and Tools • Illustration • ACN Prostate Cancer Mortality • Concluding Comments Page 4 Introduction - ESDA Page 5 Research Questions • Spatial Heterogeneity • space matters ...

091200 C ould milk cause prostate cancer ? Here are the facts: Major studies suggesting a link between milk and prostate cancer have appeared in medical journals since the 1970s. Two of six cohort studies (research studies fol- lowing groups of people over time) found increased risk with higher milk intakes. Five studies comparing cancer patients to healthy individuals found a similar association. One of these, conducted in northern Italy, found that frequent dairy con- sumption could increase risk by two and one-half times. 1 In 1997, the World Cancer Research Fund and the American Institute for Cancer Research concluded that dairy products should be considered a possible contributor to prostate cancer . And yet another research study came out in April 2000 point- ing to a link between dairy and prostate cancer : Harvard’s Physicians’ Health Study ...

PROSTATE CANCER SUPPORT GROUP Sponsored by Prostate Cancer Foundation of Chicago Our monthly meetings are for patients and their families to help understand prostate seed implants. Please join us at one or all of our meetings: No January Meeting Wednesday, February 1, 2006 Wednesday, March 1, 2006 Wednesday, April 5, 2006 Wednesday, May 3, 2006 Wednesday, June 7, 2006 February through June meetings held at Katherine Legge Memorial Lodge 5901 S. County Line Road Hinsdale, IL 60521 (See back for directions) No July Meeting Wednesday, August 2, 2006 Wednesday, September 6, 2006 Wednesday, October 4, 2006 Wednesday, November 1, 2006 Wednesday, December 6, 2006 August through December meetings held at Chicago Prostate Cancer Center’s New Location 815 Pasquinelli Drive Westmont, IL 60559 ...

What is the prostate ? The prostate gland is about the size of a walnut. It is located underneath the bladder and surrounds the top part of the urethra; the tube which urine passes through on its way from the bladder to the penis. In the prostate , the urethra is joined by the ejaculatory ducts which drain stored sperm from the seminal vesicles during ejaculation. What is prostate disease? Prostate disease is a term used to describe any medical problem involving the prostate gland. Not all prostate disease is cancer . Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the most common form of prostate disease. It is a non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland. What is prostate cancer ? Prostate cancer is diagnosed mainly in men over the age of 50 years. Excluding some forms of skin cancer , prostate cancer ...

For men with prostate cancer who are considering radiation therapy. Page 2 Page 3 It’s important to stay positive. For you. For your family. Maybe you were angry. Afraid. Anxious. Perhaps you were thinking, “Why me?” All of these are pretty common ways to feel when you’ve been diagnosed with prostate cancer . Of course, you’re concerned. About your treatment. The future. Your family. These feelings are all to be expected. But the important thing is not to let these worries take over. Having a positive outlook can help you manage your prostate cancer fight. And understanding your treatment options should help you make informed decisions about your treatment. Your family, your friends, and your health care team are all on your side. All doing their best for you. So be sure not to keep your feelings inside. ...

Brought to you by PROSTATE CANCER FACTS What is prostate cancer ? Prostate cancer is a disease in which cancer cells develop in the prostate gland. The cancer cells divide without control or order and form a mass called a tumor. The prostate is about the size of a walnut. It sits just below the bladder in front of the rectum. How does my doctor know for sure I have prostate cancer ? Doctors use 2 tests to screen for prostate cancer — a PSA ( prostate -specific antigen) blood test and a DRE (digital rectal exam). If either or both of these test results are not normal, the doctor may then perform a biopsy. Only a biopsy can confirm the presence of prostate cancer . |? PSA is a protein made by prostate cells. Elevated levels can suggest prostate cancer . |? Digital Rectal Exam During this ...

PROSTATE CANCER FACTS NAME OF TEST WHAT IT IS WHY IT’S DONE PSA blood test Blood test to measure a Men with PSA levels protein, prostate -specific greater than 10 may antigen (PSA), made by be more likely to have prostate cells. In general, cancer that has spread a PSA under 4 is normal. beyond the prostate . DRE Doctor inserts a gloved, Helps the doctor (digital rectal lubricated finger into the feel size, shape, and exam) rectum to feel areas of irregularities of the the prostate . prostate . Gleason Doctors use tissue samples Gleason grades can grading system taken during the biopsy. range from 2 to 10. They look at the prostate The lower the number cancer cells under a the less likely the cancer microscope and grade is to spread outside them based on how ...

May 15, 2005 ? Volume 71, Number 10 www.aafp.org/afp American Family Physician 1915 ? Patient information: A handout on prostate cancer , written by the authors of this article, is provided on page 1929. ? See editorial on page 1871. See page 1865 for strength-of-recommen- dation labels. A lthough prostate cancer is a com- monly diagnosed malignancy, its management remains contro- versial. The majority of patients with prostate cancer are older than 65 years (median age of diagnosis is 71 years for white American men and 69 years for black American men). 1 Approximately 220,000 American men were diagnosed in 2003, but because of the long natural history of pros- tate cancer , there were only 28,900 deaths in that year. 2 Conservative ...

PUBLIC HEALTH FACT SHEET Prostate Cancer What is Prostate Cancer ? The prostate is a walnut sized gland located under the bladder at the base of the penis that surrounds the urethra. Prostate cancer is the overgrowth of prostate cells that form a tumor. What are the Symptoms of Prostate Cancer ? • Frequent urination • Trouble starting or holding back urine • Weak or interrupted urine flow • Pain or burning during urination • Inability to urinate • Blood in urine or semen • Pain on ejaculation • Frequent pain or stiffness in the lower back, hips, or upper thighs What are the Risk Factors for Prostate Cancer ? • Age • African-American ethnicity • Family history • Possible risk with diet that is low in fiber and high in fat How is Prostate Cancer Detected? • Prostate -specific antigen (PSA): a blood test, ...

1 LEGAL MEDICINE OPEN FILE 97 PROSTATE CANCER SCREENING: AVOIDING LIABILITY by DAVID G. McLEOD, M.D., J.D., COL, MC, USA* and MARY JO WILEY, R.N., J.D. Carcinoma of the prostate (CaP) is the most common solid malignancy in men. It is estimated that in 1996, there will be 317,000 new cases diagnosed, a thirty percent increase from the cases discovered in 1995. In addition, there will be an estimated 41,400 deaths from the disease in the United States. 1 The increase in newly diagnosed CaP is secondary to the relatively new diagnostic modalities of transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) and the use of the prostate specific antigen (PSA). With the ability to diagnose CaP enhanced by these two diagnostic modalities, especially PSA, the issue of appropriate screening is raised. The American Cancer Society and the American Urological Association have recommended ...

5.23 11/10/03 Page 1 Early Prostate Cancer : Questions and Answers 1. What is the prostate ? The prostate is a gland in the male reproductive system. The prostate makes and stores a component of semen and is located near the bladder and the rectum. The prostate surrounds part of the urethra, the tube that empties urine from the bladder. A healthy prostate is about the size of a walnut. If the prostate grows too large, the flow of urine can be slowed or stopped. Key Points • The prostate is a gland in the male reproductive system (see Question 1). • The most common risk factor for prostate cancer is age (see Question 3). • Prostate cancer often does not cause symptoms for many years. By the time symptoms occur, the disease may have spread beyond the prostate (see Question 4). • The symptoms of prostate cancer can also be caused by noncancerous ...

Nutrition & Prostate Cancer Natalie Ledesma, MS, RD Cancer Resource Center UCSF Comprehensive Cancer Center University of California, San Francisco Scientific evidence suggests that differences in diet and lifestyle may account in large part for the variability of prostate cancer rates in different countries [1]. Good nutrition may reduce the incidence of prostate cancer and help reduce the risk of pros- tate cancer progression. There are many studies currently being conducted to help further understand how diet and prostate cancer are related. We do know, however, that improved nutrition reduces risk of heart disease, diabetes, and obesity, and usually improves overall quality of life. It is estimated that one-third of cancer deaths in the U.S. can be attributed to diet in adulthood, including diet’s effect on obesity [2]. Additionally, a healthy diet helps to ...

Prostate Cancer An estimated 232,090 American men were expected to be diagnosed with prostate cancer in 2005. About 70 percent of all diagnosed prostate cancers are found in men older than 65. PREVENTION • Lead a healthy lifestyle and talk to your health care professional about screening. • Exercise regularly. • Eat a diet low in fat and high in fruits, vegetables and whole grains. RISK • Men, particularly African-American men, and men over age 50 • Men with a family history of prostate cancer SYMPTOMS In the early stages, there are usually no symptoms. Some men experience the following symptoms: • Frequent urination, especially at night • Trouble starting or stopping urine flow • Weak or interrupted urine flow • Inability to urinate • Pain or burning sensation while urinating • Blood in the urine • Constant ...

Suggested Mayoral Proclamation for 2005 National Prostate Cancer Awareness Month WHEREAS, in the year 2005, the month of September has been declared National Prostate Cancer Awareness Month; and WHEREAS , in the year 2005 approximately 232,090 men in the United States will learn that they have prostate cancer , and across the nation prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed nonskin cancer in men; and WHEREAS, approximately 30,350 men will lose their lives to this disease in 2005, and one in six men in the nation are at risk of developing prostate cancer during their lifetime; WHEREAS, it is known that almost one third of prostate cancer occurs in men under the age of 65 during their prime work years, and at any age prostate cancer devastates families through loss of income, partnership, and support; and WHEREAS, prostate cancer leaves too many parents, ...

Page 2 In taking the lead on forming the Mayors’ Coalition for Prostate Cancer Awareness and Education, Denver Mayor Wellington E. Webb, USCM President 1999-2000, acted on the recommendation of the Conference’s Health and Human Services Standing Committee, chaired by Beaumont Mayor David W. Moore, who continued the prostate cancer work of the Committee’s former Chairman, Hempstead Mayor James A. Garner. The Mayors’ Coalition for Prostate Cancer Awareness and Education is dedicated to saving lives through informed decision making on screening and treatment. Launched in June 2000 by The United States Conference of Mayors, this new initiative addresses an old concern of the nation’s mayors. Here are the statistics that have compelled the mayors to act. A common cancer : Prostate cancer hits one man in six, and is ...

Prostate Cancer What you need to know 1 888 939-3333 | www. cancer .ca Page 2 Cover photograph: © Getty Images, Inc. Page 3 ] ( ) ( ) (metastases) O © Canadian Cancer Society 2004 Page 4 P ] (adenocarcinomas) • — 65 (50 ) • • (testosterone) • ( ) Page 5 © Canadian Cancer Society 2004 Q ] (DRE digital rectal examination) (PSA prostate specific antigen) PSA (Biopsy) Gleason 2 10 (Imaging studies) X CT ( X ) MRI ( ) Page 6 ] TNM T2N1M0 T (Tumour) N (Nodes) ...

Circulating Biomarkers of Prostate Cancer This project will generate methods to assess an individual's risk of developing prostate cancer and characterizing the nature of the local tumor using early molecular and cellular signatures resulting from transformation of normal prostate epithelium to invasive prostate cancer . Our program will address the major and urgent challenge in translating emerging cutting-edge developments into clinical practiceOur efforts will address current limitations in assessing an individual's risk of developing prostate cancer and characterizing the nature of the local tumor and its need for immediate treatment. This will be accomplished by addressing the following issues: 1. Measure recently identified, novel circulating biomarkers in blood samples from population- based studies to assess risk of developing clinically significant prostate cancer years before it is ...

81 Proclamations Proc. 7813 Proclamation 7813 of September 14, 2004 National Prostate Cancer Awareness Month, 2004 By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation We have made dramatic progress in the battle against prostate cancer . How- ever, prostate cancer is still the most commonly diagnosed form of cancer and the second-leading cause of cancer -related death among American men. During National Prostate Cancer Awareness Month, we again dem- onstrate our Nation’s commitment to the prevention, research, and treat- ment of this disease. Studies have shown that men with certain risk factors are more likely to develop prostate cancer . Age is the most significant factor—most men with prostate cancer are older than 65. Family history, a diet high in animal fats or meat, and certain other factors may also increase the likelihood ...

Prostate Cancer Foundation The Prostate Cancer Foundation is dedicated to finding better treatments and a cure for prostate cancer . Prostate cancer is the most common non-skin cancer in America, striking more than 232,000 new men each year. For the past 13 years, the Prostate Cancer Foundation has become the world's largest source of philanthropic support for prostate cancer research. With generous support from many committed donors, The Prostate Cancer Foundation has raised more than $245 million to fund over 1,200 research projects in more than 100 research centers around the world. "We use Kintera as a critical component of our strategy to raise awareness about prostatecancer and harness more of society’s resources to defeat it.” – Leslie D. Michelson, Chief Executive Officer Prostate Cancer Foundation SUCCESS STORY © 2005 ...

Molecular changes in androgen- independent prostate cancer Abstract Many prostate carcinomas are initially responsive to androgen ablation therapy. However, resistance to this initial androgen blockade usually develops and correlates with progression to androgen-independent disease. In this study, microarray data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) was used to examine the molecular changes between androgen-dependent and - independent primary prostate tumors. The data was generated by a study examining gene expression changes in androgen- independent prostate cancer (Best, et al., 2005). This dataset was alternatively analyzed with GeneSifter® microarray analysis software (VizX Labs, Seattle, WA). This analysis system was used to discover differentially regulated genes, and map them to candidate gene ontology ...

NHC adviser An “accessible” version of the NHC adviser and all NHC and PHAC reports are available at www.nhc.govt.nz Incorporating the Public Health Advisory Committee Te Ropu Tohutohu i te Hauora Tumatanui No not yet for prostate cancer screening The National Health Committee has recommended for the second time that prostate cancer screening should not be introduced in New Zealand. In a report to the Minister of Health in April, ‘ Prostate Cancer Screening in New Zealand,’ the NHC found no conclusive evidence that the currently available screening test for prostate cancer , the Prostate Specific Antigen – or PSA test, will reduce deaths associated with prostate cancer , that the test is not completely reliable and that it can miss some cancers. In summary, the test may offer little benefit and has the potential to cause harm. ...

W ith this issue, CLAS Notes again highlights some of the dynamic people and pro- grams in the college: a professor searching for a cure for prostate can- cer, a new bachelor’s degree in envi- ronmental studies, and the work of Rowan faculty to improve math and science instruction in area schools. These examples illustrate the College’s commitment to expanding young minds, pushing the boundaries of established research, and making a difference in the larger community. The College’s professors continue to be devoted to teaching and to research; the needed and appreciated contribu- tions of alumni and friends, as well as federal grants, facilitate these efforts in the face of dwindling state funds. With increased financial support, the College can go even further with new programs to educate young men and women. I encourage you to read this issue ...

PROSTATE CANCER PATIENTS BENEFIT FROM NEW THERAPY AT THE MEREDITH AND JEANNIE RAY CANCER CENTER Prostate cancer patients are benefiting from brachytherapy, a new technology available at the Meredith and Jeannie Ray Cancer Center. Prostate brachytherapy is a promising new treatment in the fight against prostate cancer , and the Meredith and Jeannie Ray Cancer Center is proud to offer to our patients. “We are proud to offer this service to our prostate cancer patients. Brachytherapy is a minor surgical procedure and gives prostate cancer patients in Laramie and southeastern Wyoming another treatment option for localized prostate cancer ,” explains center medical oncologist/hematologist, Clinton Merrill, MD. “It represents another important step forward in our ongoing efforts to bring state-of-the-art cancer care as close to home as possible to residents of this region.” ...

Department of Defense US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command Fiscal Year 2004 (FY04) Prostate Cancer Research Program (PCRP) Funded Awards List TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction Research Awards ? Clinical Trial Development ? Exploration-Hypothesis Development ? Exploration-Resource Development ? Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCU) Collaborative Partnership ? Health Disparity Research- Prostate Scholar ? Idea Development ? New Investigator Training Awards ? HBCU Undergraduate Collaborative Summer Training Program ? Health Disparity Training- Prostate Scholar Physician Research Training ? Postdoctoral Traineeship ? rs l Members wers of ...

The Pros and Cons of PSA Screening for Prostate Cancer 1 If you are a man aged 45-75 years this pamphlet will give you information to assist you in making an informed decision about screening using the PSA test ( prostate specific antigen) The pros and cons of PSA screening for prostate cancer A screening test for prostate cancer has been available for some years.It is known as the PSA test and is a blood test. There is some debate at the moment on the benefits of using this test in men who show no signs of cancer . The reason for the controversy is that the PSA test does not yet meet the generally accepted criteria for a screening test. However,we know that the PSA test is the best way to detect prostate cancer at an early stage of the disease,when there is a good chance of cure. This ...

QUESTIONS Choose the single best answer for each question. 1. A 62-year-old man presents with urinary urgency and frequency. Physical examination reveals a 1-cm, hard, right-sided prostate nodule. His serum prostate -specific antigen (PSA) level is 14 ng/mL. The best next step in managing this patient is to: A) Repeat the PSA test in 3 months B) Discuss potential treatment options with the patient C) Obtain a transrectal ultrasound and, whether the results are abnormal or not, proceed with prostate needle biopsy D) Begin hormone therapy with leuprolide E) Begin treatment with terazosin and schedule a 3-month follow-up appointment 2. Routine PSA testing in a 66-year-old otherwise healthy man reveals an increase from 3 to 7.7 ng/mL within 1 year. Biopsies demonstrate Gleason grade 3 + 3 adenocarcinoma in one of six needle cores. Treatment options for ...