AllDocs -> cancers

Treatment Guidelines for Patients With Thyroid Nodules and Well-Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Peter A. Singer, MD; David S. Cooper, MD; Gilbert H. Daniels, MD; Paul W. Ladenson, MD; Francis S. Greenspan, MD; Elliot G. Levy, MD; Lewis E. Braverman, MD; Orlo H. Clark, MD; I. Ross McDougall, MB, ChB, PhD; Kenneth V. Ain, MD; Steven G. Dorfman, MD A set of minimum clinical guidelines for use by primary care physicians in the evaluation and management of patients with thyroid nodules or thyroid cancer was developed by consensus by an 11- member Standards of Care Committee (the authors of the article) of the American Thyroid Association, New York, NY. The participants were selected by the committee chairman and by the president of the American Thyroid Association based on their clinical experience. The committee members represented different geographic areas within the United States, to reflect different ...

R e v i e w s Recombinant Thyroid -Stimulating Hormone in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Yodphat Krausz MD 1 , Beatrice Uziely MD 2 , Rafael Nesher PhD 3 , Roland Chisin MD 1 and Benjamin Glaser MD 3 Departments of 1 Medical Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine, 2 Oncology, and 3 Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel Key words: differentiated thyroid cancer , thyroid -stimulating hormone, radioiodine whole body scan, iodine 131 scan, thyroglobulin, recombinant thyroid -stimulating hormone IMAJ 2001;3:843±849 Differentiated thyroid carcinoma accounts for 80±90% of 28,000 new thyroid cancer cases diagnosed each year in Europe and in the USA [1]. Of the 376,000 DTC patients in these regions, approximately 2,300 ...

Gene Therapy in Thyroid Cancer Christine Spitzweg 133 135 133 Page 2 Page 3 Meet the Professor Session: Gene therapy in thyroid cancer Christine Spitzweg, MD Medizinische Klink II, Klinikum Großhadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany Thyroid carcinoma represents the most common endocrine malignancy, accounting for the majority of deaths from endocrine cancers. Conventional therapy consists of surgical resection, radioiodine (I-131) therapy and TSH-suppressive thyroxine treatment. However, 10- 20% of patients die from advanced differentiated and anaplastic tumors, and a high proportion of medullary thyroid cancers have a poor prognosis. Therefore, the development and evaluation of novel treatment strategies, including gene therapeutic approaches, are urgently needed. Gene therapy ...

PET Imaging in Thyroid Cancer Steven M. Larson 113 115 113 Page 2 Page 3 Positron Emission Tomography in Thyroid Cancer By Steven M. Larson, M.D. and Richard Robbins, M.D. Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging is an important advance in the diagnostic imaging of common human tumors, and PET can be very useful for imaging thyroid cancer , as well. Between 11/95 and 4/02, we have studied 442 patients with thyroid cancer using PET-FDG,for a total of 970 scans. This experience has taught us that PET is best used selectively, as part of a management plan for individual patients, taking into account the patient‘s clinical state. We do not recommend PET for the low-risk patient with a small tumor that is totally confined to the thyroid gland. Instead, PET-FDG scanning ...

Therapeutic Approaches to Patients with Advanced Thyroid Cancer Kenneth B. Ain Supported by an unrestricted educational grant from Abbott Laboratories 191 193 191 Page 2 Page 3 Therapeutic Approaches to Patients With Advanced Thyroid Cancer Kenneth B. Ain, M.D. Thyroid Cancer Research Laboratory, Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Director, Thyroid Oncology Section Division of Hematology & Oncology University of Kentucky Medical Center Lexington, KY Clinical Approach • Micro-dissect the clinical history œ Review and verify the pathology • Slide review by expert pathologist • Immunohistochemistry if needed œ Document each radiological exam • Iodinated contrast decreases radioiodide uptake • Delineate all sites ...

Abstract. The serine protease inhibitor maspin has been reported to inhibit invasiveness and motility of tumor cells. Additionally, a p53-dependent regulatory pathway of maspin in human cancer has been indicated. In a pre-study we were able to detect maspin protein in papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC), whereas normal (tumor-free) thyroid tissue, follicular adenomas, follicular carcinomas, poorly differentiated carcinomas and undifferentiated carcinomas of the thyroid were maspin-negative. The first aim of our study was to determine the prognostic value of maspin protein expression for the recurrence-free and overall survival of PTC patients undergoing radical thyroidectomy and postoperative irradiation. Secondly, maspin expression was correlated to p53 protein expression in order to gain additional information on a possible regulatory influence of the wild-type p53 protein on maspin. An immunohistochemical ...

Thyroid Cancer survival, incidence and mortality in NSW 1994–2000 56 The Cancer Council NSW Thyroid cancer • The five-year relative survival from thyroid cancer in NSW between 1994 and 2000 was 94.0% • There was no significant area variation in the adjusted relative risk of excess death due to thyroid cancer after shrinking • An additional 39 patients would be expected to survive to five years after diagnosis in NSW if the State average risk was shifted to the 20 th centile of the distribution • There were 1,708 new cases of thyroid cancer in NSW in 1994 to 1998 (456 males and 1,252 females) and 126 deaths (69 males and 57 females) • There were more new cases of thyroid cancer than expected in Central Sydney (19 in males), Northern Sydney (28 in females), Western Sydney (15 in males and 49 in females), South Eastern Sydney (37 in females); and ...

Norsk Epidemiologi 2003; 13 (1): 45-50 45 The Norwegian Thyroid Cancer Project: History, achievements and present view on carcinogenesis Eystein Glattre Cancer Registry of Norway A BSTRACT The Norwegian Thyroid Cancer Project was established in 1985. Its crew has consisted of an inter- disciplinary group of scientists, and its secretariat has been part of the Cancer Registry of Norway since day 1. The aim has been to describe the occurrence of thyroid cancer in Norway, investigate etiological aspects and publish results. Focus has been on the papillary carcinoma of the thyroid , the most incident type of thyroid neoplasia in Norway. Important results of the Project are briefly mentioned. Some forty publications have been produced, mostly epidemiological analyses, but also some experimental studies. The results of the Project and of others have led to ...

THYROID CARCINOMA : pathology, diagnosis, treatment Virgilijus Krasauskas, MD, PhD Clinic of Surgery Kaunas University of Medicine Page 2 Thyroid carcinoma Main features • 1% of all cancers • 0.5 % of mortality due to cancer • most common endocrine malignancy • occurs mainly in patients of 25-65 year old • annual incidence 20-70 new cases /10 6 • annual mortality 4 cases /10 6 Page 3 Thyroid carcinoma Main features • more common in women • associated with radiation exposure and endemic goiters • 10% of individuals will have a palpable thyroid nodule in their life time • 8-17% of surgically treated nodules are carcinomas • overall 5 year survival rate 90% Page 4 Thyroid carcinoma Classification ...

I-131 TREATMENT OF I-131 TREATMENT OF THYROID CANCER THYROID CANCER Ajit K. Padhy a.k.padhy@iaea.org Page 2 THYROID CANCER THYROID CANCER A Clinician’s Perspective Radioiodine Therapy of Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma Prognostic Factors & Risk Group Analyses Page 3 THYROID CANCER THYROID CANCER Despite the fact that cancer of the thyroid gland is a rare disease, and constitutes less than one percent of human cancers, it has attracted a lot of attention. Accounts for 0.5% of all cancer deaths. Incidence varies from 10-35 per million population The unique property of the differentiated thyroid carcinoma is its ability to concentrate iodine, albeit in lesser degree than the normal thyroid . Page ...

Abstract. Maspin (mammary serpin) is a serine protease inhibitor member of the serpin family and a class II tumor suppressor, whose expression is lost in many advanced cancers. Maspin has been shown to inhibit cell motility, invasion, and metastasis; however, its precise role still remains to be verified. Altough the expression of maspin mRNA is low or absent in most human cancer cells, the maspin gene is rarely re-arranged or deleted. We hypothesized that aberrant promoter methylation of the maspin promoter participates in the silencing of maspin expression during neoplastic progression. In thyroid and thyroid neoplasms the effects of maspin are still unknown. To clarify the role of maspin in thyroid carcinogenesis, we searched for mRNA and protein expression, as well as for promoter methylation in 30 normal (tumor-free) thyroid tissues (NT), 35 follicular adenomas (FAD), 42 papillary carcinomas ...

R110 Introduction Breast cancer is a hormone-dependent neoplasm. Conflict- ing results regarding the clinical correlation between breast cancer and thyroid diseases have been reported in the liter- ature. Many studies showed that thyroid diseases are common among women with breast cancer [1–6], whereas other reports did not confirm such an association of breast cancer with thyroid diseases [7–11]. Almost every form of thyroid disease, including nodular hyperplasia [12], hyper- thyroidism [13] and thyroid cancer [14,15], has been iden- tified in association with breast cancer . These findings have led to the investigation of the relationship between breast cancer and autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs). Such a relationship is not a new observation, and some authors have reported a higher prevalance of AITDs among breast cancer patients than in age-matched control ...

Center for Environmental Health Studies (617) 482-9485 44 Farnsworth Street, Boston, MA 02210 http://www.jsi.com * Findings were statistically significant (strong evidence) + Evidence of a dose-response relationship (strongest evidence) Page 100 Thyroid Cancer and other Thyroid Diseases and Exposure to Ionizing Radiation Summary: Strong evidence has been recorded of a possible connection between thyroid cancer and exposure to ionizing radiation. This evidence is based upon studies conducted at Los Alamos National Laboratory, studies of nuclear workers at other sites, and others exposed to ionizing radiation. These findings are consistent with the National Research Council’s determination that the thyroid is sensitive to ionizing radiation. Thyroid cancer is designated as a “specified” cancer under the Energy Employees ...

Abstract. We evaluated the potential of radioiodide therapy in human sodium iodide symporter (hNIS)-defective thyroid cancer cells via exogenous hNIS expression. Three human thyroid cancer cells (ARO, FRO and NPA) of different origin were transduced by a recombinant adenovirus encoding hNIS expression cassette (Rad-hNIS). The cells were efficiently transduced by a recombinant adenovirus in a virus dose- dependent manner. Consequently, the hNIS protein could be readily detected by Western blot analysis 48-h post-infection at 10 infectious virus particles per cell. These hNIS-transduced cells actively transported iodide into the cytoplasm at the level of 11635.3, 61571.6, and 19367.5 pmoles/10 6 cells in ARO, FRO, and NPA, respectively. However, a significant amount of iodide was eluted to an iodide-free media within 60 min in all the cell lines. RT-PCR analysis revealed that the ...

Dynamic Accumulation and Distribution of [ 18 F]FDG in Human Thyroid Cancer Model on Nude Mice: by INER Animal Rotating PET Scanner and Micro-Autoradiography Ying-Ling Sun 1 , Meei-Ling Jan 1 , Pan-Fu Kao 2 , Kuo-Hsien Fan 1 , Wen-Chen Chang 3 , Te-Wei Lee 1 , Gann Ting 1 1 Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Lung-Tan, Taiwan 2 Department of Nuclear Medicine and 3 Department of Medical Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan Received 1/8/2002; accepted 1/17/2002. For correspondence or reprints contact: Pan-Fu Kao, M.D., Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, 199 Tung Hwa North Road, Taipei 105, Taiwan, R.O.C. Tel: ...

Thyroid Cancer and Exposure from Nuclear Testing Fallout in Illinois Some information suggests that exposure to nuclear bomb fallout is associated with an elevated risk for thyroid cancer . Recently, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) released the findings of a study that sought to estimate the amount of iodine-131 to which an individual’s thyroid might have been exposed as a result of the atmospheric nuclear bomb tests that took place in Nevada in the 1950s. Ninety tests were conducted at the Nevada Nuclear Test Site, with most occurring in the years, 1952, 1953, 1955 and 1957. Since iodine-131 has an eight-day half-life, exposure to these releases had to have occurred primarily in the two-month period following each test. The report states that persons living in fallout areas would have received the greatest exposure from milk consumption; ...

Thyroid surgery for thyroid cancer The effect of extent of thyroid surgery ( on radioiodine treatment and follow-up ) for well-differentiated thyroid cancer I Ross McDougall Stanford University Medical Center Page 2 Thyroid cancer : extent of surgery ¢ Differentiated thyroid cancer 1. Pathology 2. Treatment A. Surgery B. Thyroid hormone C. Radioiodine 3. Conclusion Page 3 Thyroid cancer : extent of surgery 3 Starting with the conclusion ¢ Please do a total, or near total, thyroidectomy ¢ Impact on outcome ¢ Impact on I-131 therapy ¢ Impact on patients not treated with I-131 ...

METASTASIS AS THE FIRST CLINICAL APPEARANCE OF THYROID CANCER Lukács G.L. University of Debrecen, Medical and Health Science Center 1 st Department of Surgery Hungary 11th Congress of the ESSO. 17-20 April 2002, Lille, France http://www.esso-surgeonline.be/ - Copyright ESSO and the Author(s) - With the permission of the Author(s) Page 2 METASTATIC THYROID CANCERS Favourite metastasis forming of the main types of the thyroid tumors Papillary Follicular Medullary Anaplastic http://www.esso-surgeonline.be/ - Copyright ESSO and the Author(s) - With the permission of the Author(s) Page 3 METASTATIC THYROID CANCERS The frequency of nodal metastasis (NM) Papillary 42-90 % /Noguchi S./ Follicular 5-15 % /Dralle H./ Medullary 25-60% ...

thyroid cancer ANAPLASTIC THYROID CANCER Sam J. Cunningham, MD, PhD Francis B. Quinn, Jr., MD UTMB Dept of Otolaryngology May 11, 2005 Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer (APC) One of the most aggressive malignancies Survival measured in months Rare (2 per million per year) 1.6% of all thyroid cancers Often associated with well differentiated thyroid cancers (evidence of dedifferentiation, <1%) History Path Incidence declining IHC staining in ’80s Iodination of food More aggressive treatment on WDTC Clinical Presentation 60’s-70’s 55-77% female Most patients present with rapidly enlarging neck mass (mean size at presentation 8cm) Some incidentally discovered Local compressive ...

Abstract. The purpose of this study was to estimate the risk of thyroid cancer induction attributable to brain radiation therapy in adult and pediatric patients. An anthropomorphic phantom was used to simulate treatment of brain tumors with two lateral opposed fields. Thyroid dose was measured using thermo- luminescent dosimeters. Phantom measurements were per- formed for all possible field sizes that may be applied during brain radiotherapy in adults and children. The dependence of the thyroid dose on the distance from the irradiation field and on the presence of beam modifiers in the primary beam was investigated. All phantom exposures were generated with a 6 MV photon beam. Thyroid dose was found to vary from 9.6 to 89.4 cGy and from 8.0 to 194.0 cGy depending upon the field size used and the thyroid location in respect to the field edge for adults and children respectively. The excess ...

Abstract. Some studies report an increased risk of auto- immune thyroid disease in hepatitis C and B as well as in interferon therapy. Recently a new link between HCV and papillary thyroid cancer has been published. The mechanism responsible for the oncogenetic role of HCV is not well understood, but it involves immunity system and auto- immunity disorders. We designed a case-control study on HCV exposure. To assess the positivity to HCV ELISA test and polymerize chain reaction technique (PCR) were used. For statistical analysis an odds ratio and corresponding 95% confidence intervals were computed using unconditional multiple-logistic-regression models. Our findings show a statistically significant association between HCV and papillary thyroid cancer (OR = 3.3, 95% CI 1.5-7.4, p=0.003), overall in female gender (OR = 3.3, 95% CI 1.2-8.7, p=0.01) and in the = 50 years age category the risk ...

Dear Friends of ThyCa, We invite you to join us in honoring our Medical Advisory Council at our Fundraising Dinner/Grand Auction on Friday October 11, 2002 , from 7 to 10 p.m., with early registration beginning at 6 p.m. This special event at the Los Angeles Athletic Club (LAAC), 431 West 7th Street, our conference headquarters, the evening following the first day of the 5th International Thyroid Cancer Survivors’ Conference. We are pleased to announce that due to the generosity of the LAAC and our dedicated core of volunteers, all net proceeds raised at this milestone event will go directly to support Thyroid Cancer Research. Whether or not you attend the conference, you can help support this fundraiser. We hope you will participate in some or all of the following ways: ? Attend the Grand Auction. Bid on something wonderful and take it home! ? Help us with a donation for the Research Fund. ? Arrange ...

86 Iodine-131 Contamination, Thyroid Doses and Thyroid Cancer in the Contaminated Areas of Russia Valery F. S TEPANENKO , Evgeny M. P ARSHKOV , Viktor A. S OKOLOV , Mark Yu. O RLOV , Alexander I. I VANNKOV , Valery G. S KVORTSOV , Elena K. I ASKOVA , Timofey V. K OLIZSHENKOV , Irina G. K RYUKOVA , Anatoly F. T SYB Medical Radiological Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Korolev Str., 4, 249020, Obninsk, Russia: valeri@obninsk.com Abstract About 1,800 PBq of I-131 was deposited in the environment as a result of the Chernobyl accident. The most contaminated territories in Russia are located in Bryansk, Tula, Orel and Kaluga regions. About 80% of total I-131 ...

Summer, 2002 GWCCS Cancer Support Group & Internet Resource Guide Page 1 www.gwccs.org Greater Washington Coalition for Cancer Survivors (202) 364-6422 Thyroid Cancer Support Groups SPONSOR GROUP/ DESCRIPTION MEETING DAY/TIME LOCATION CONTACT & PHONE STATE ThyCa Thyroid cancer survivors, family members and friends. 3 rd Saturday 10:30 AM – Noon Holy Cross Hospital – 2 nd Floor – 1500 Forest Glen Road - Silver Spring, MD Gary Bloom (301) 260-0975 e-mail: Washington_DC@thyca.org DC, MD, VA ThyCa Thyroid cancer survivors, family members and friends. 2 nd & 4 th Tuesday 7:00 - 8:30 PM NIH – Building 10 – Social Work Conference Room (1N248) Margaret ...

Welcome to the Thyroid Cancer Survivors’ Capital Area Workshop Saturday, April 27, 2002 9 a.m. - 3 p.m. Inova Health System’s Life with Cancer Family Center 2832 Juniper Street, Fairfax/Merrifield, Virginia Sponsored by: ThyCa: Thyroid Cancer Survivors’Association, Inc. SM An all-volunteer nonprofit 501(c)(3) organization of thyroid cancer survivors, family members, and health care professionals. P.O. Box 1545, New York, NY 10159-1545 Toll-Free: 1-877-588-7904 E-mail: thyca@thyca.org Web Site: www.thyca.org Special Thanks to American Cancer Society Inova Health System and the Life with Cancer Family Center Genzyme Therapeutics Einstein Bagels Silver Diner Trader Joe’s Sara Gorrell, Workshop Coordinator Marion Hammond, ThyCa Baltimore Support Group Facilitator Val ...

THYROID CANCER I. Introduction There are over 11,000 new cases of thyroid cancer each year in the US. Females are more likely to have thyroid cancer than men by a ratio of 3:1, and it is more common in people who have been treated with radiation to the head, neck, or chest, most often for benign conditions (although radiation treatment for benign conditions is no longer carried out). Thyroid cancer can occur in any age group, although it is most common after age 30 and its aggressiveness increases significantly in older patients. Rather than causing the whole thyroid gland to enlarge, a cancer usually causes small growths (nodules) within the thyroid . Although as many as 10% of the population will have thyroid nodules, the vast majority are benign. Only approximately 5% of all thyroid nodules are malignant. Nodules are more likely to be cancerous if only one nodule is found rather than ...

THE RELATIONSHIP OF PAPILLARY THYROID CANCER (PTC) AND FAMILIAL ADENOMATOUS POLYPOSIS (FAP) Jon A. van Heerden, M.D. QUESTIONS: 1. Is there an association between PTC and FAP? 2. Is there an increased incidence of PTC in patients with FAP? 3. Should all patients with FAP be screened for the presence of PTC? CLINICAL ASPECTS A 14-year-old female underwent a colectomy with an ileo-anal anastomosis for FAP (Figure 1). At the age of 20, during a routine physical examination, she was found to have an incidental asymptomatic 1.5 cm right thyroid nodule. Fine-needle aspiration was highly suggestive of a PTC â€œwith an unusual cytologic pattern.â€ A total thyroidectomy was performed for a bilateral, multicentric, node-negative PTC (Figure 2). Fig. 1: Colectomy specimen with the classic appearance of multiple colonic polyps. Page 2 Fig. 2: ...

Acta clin Croat 2000; 39:155-160 Professional Paper 155 POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF THE 1990-1995 WAR IN CROATIA ON THYROID CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY Dalibor ©imunoviÊ 1 , Ivan Cvjetko 1 , Vedrana GladiÊ 1 , Martina Elez 1 , Margareta GlasnoviÊ 1 , Tanja LeniËek 1 , Majda VuËiÊ 1 , Mirna Lechpammer 1 , Hrvoje »upiÊ 1 , Marija Strnad 2 , Zvonko KusiÊ 3 , Boæo Kruplin 1 and Mladen Belicza 1 1 Ljudevit Jurak Clinical Department of Pathology, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital; 2 National Institute of Public Health; 3 Department of Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia SUMMARY ? A Thyroid Cancer Registry ...

84 19 Cancer of the thyroid Summary Relative survival after diagnosis of thyroid cancer is high, when compared with other cancer sites. During 1992–1997, relative survival one year after diagnosis of cancer of the thyroid was 91.2% for males and 96.4% for females. Five-year relative survival was 87.9% for males and 95.6% for females (Table 19.1). Survival ten years after diagnosis was 79.8% for males and 92.2% for females in 1987–1991, the most recent period for which ten-year relative survival data are available (Figure 19.2; Tables 19.2 and 19.3). Between 1982–1986 and 1992–1997, relative survival for females increased significantly with five-year relative survival increasing from 87.8% to 95.6%. For males the only significant increase was for relative survival three years after diagnosis, from 83.2% to 89.6% (Figure 19.2; Tables 19.2 and 19.3). Five-year relative survival after ...

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH & HUMAN SERVICES Public Health Service National Institutes of Health National Cancer Institute Bethesda, Maryland 20892 May 9,200l Mr. Barrett Fountos, M.S. Health Scientist Office of International Heaith Programs U.S. Department of Energy 19900 1 Germantown Road EH-63/270 CC Germantown, MD 20874 Dear Mr. Fountos: On behalf of the National Cancer Institute (NC& I would like to invite you to attend the “International Workshop on Chomobyl Thyroid Cancer Activities,” which will be held on lo- 11 September, 200 1, in Bethesda, Maryland. The NC1 is currently participating in two collaborative thyroid disease investigations associated with Chomobyl exposures, one in Belarus and one in Ukraine. NC1 scientists believe there would be great benefit in convening a workshop of the leaders from other organizations actively ...