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New Tools in the Diagnosis of Cancer Rolf Jaggi 1 , Janine Antonov 1 , Günther Gruber 1 and Hans Jörg Altermatt 2 , 1 Dep. Clinical Research University of Bern, 3010 Bern and 2 Pathology Länggasse, 3012 Bern. Classification of cancer is based on clinical and histological parameters, occasionally supplemented by measuring additional parameters like amplification, mutation, deletion or overexpression of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, and/or growth factor and hormone receptor levels. The results of these analyses are then translated into treatment modalities. This classification is unsatisfactory as tumors seem to consist of a greater number of molecularly distinct subgroups than can be defined by currently used methods. This can lead to inadequate treatment. Novel technologies have been developed ...

Expectant Mothers Ogunfowora et al. What Do Expectant Mothers Know about Neonatal Jaundice? Olusoga B. Ogunfowora 1 , MBBS, FWACP; Peter O. Adefuye 2 , MBBS, FWACS; Musili B. Fetuga 1 , MBBS, FWACP. Authors are affiliated with the Departments of Pediatrics 1 , and Obstetrics and Gynecology 2 at the Olabisi Onabanjo University. Contact Author: Olusoga Ogunfowora, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Department of Pediatrics, P.M.B. 2022, SAGAMU,OGUN STATE, NIGERIA; TX, 79430; phone: 234 80 56380426; Email: olufowora5@yahoo.com Submitted February 8, 2006; Revised and Accepted June 26, 2006 Abstract Neonatal jaundice (NNJ) is a common disorder worldwide and many affected babies become brain-damaged due to delay in seeking medical consultation. In order to assess the awareness ...

INTRODUCTION Endometrial cancer is the most common gynaecological malig- nancy, with an annual incidence of 19.5 cases per 100,000 women in Canada in 1993. The age-standardized death rate is 3.6 per 100,000 women. 1 The median age at diagnosis is the sixth decade, although 20 to 25 percent of cases will be diagnosed pre- menopausally. There are multiple risk factors including obesity, nulliparity, anovulation and menopause. 2 The diagnosis of endometrial cancer is usually made during the evaluation of abnormal vaginal bleeding. Because of this symp- tom, 75 percent of endometrial cancers are diagnosed at an early stage. Abnormal perimenopausal or post-menopausal bleeding is associated with endometrial cancer in approximately 10 percent of cases. 3 Atypical endometrial hyperplasia (AEH) is felt to be a precursor of endometrial cancer , and may ...

Colorectal Cancer : Minimal Elements for Screening, Diagnosis , Treatment Follow up, and Education Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene Center for Cancer Surveillance and Control June 2005 Index: • Members of the DHMH Colorectal Cancer Medical Advisory Committee • Dear Colleague letter, June 2005 • Updated to previous versions of CRC Minimal Elements • Colorectal Cancer Minimal Elements for Screening, Diagnosis , Treatment, Follow up, and Education, June 2005 • Attachment 1: Guidelines for Screening and Surveillance for early Detection of Colorectal Polyps and Cancer • Attachment 2: Colorectal Cancer Screening Tests • Attachment 3: Classification of Colon/Rectal Cancer 201 West Preston Street Baltimore, Maryland ...

Oral Cancer --Minimal Elements for Screening, Diagnosis , Treatment, Follow-up, and Care Coordination Office of Oral Health and Center for Cancer Surveillance and Control Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene August 2001; Revised July 2005 Major Changes 1. Defined a tobacco user as someone who is a current or past user. 2. Added Section III. C., which defines the individuals who can perform a comprehensive oral cancer exam. 3. Added Section III. D., which lists the equipment needed to perform an oral cancer exam. 4. Section V. D., if the excisional or incisional biopsy shows atypia and the lesions still persists after 2-4 weeks, a repeat incisional or excisional biopsy (not a brush biopsy) should be performed. 5. Section V. E., the Committee reiterated that if brush biopsy results are “atypical,” the only option is referral for excisional or incisional biopsy ...

Risk Perceptions Ma et al. Risk Perceptions, Barriers, and Self-Efficacy of Hepatitis B Screening and Vaccination among Chinese Immigrants Grace X. Ma, PhD, CHES 1 ; Steven S. Shive, Ph.D. 2 ; Jamil Toubbeh, Ph.D. 1 ; Dunli Wu, M.D. 3 ; Ping Wang, M.D. 1 Authors 1 are affiliated with Department of Public Health and the Center for Asian Health at Temple University. Author 2 is affiliated with the Department of Health at the East Stroudsburg University. Author 3 is affiliated with the Weill Medical Center at Cornell University. Contact Author: Grace Ma, Temple University, Department of Public Health and Center for Asian Health, 1415 N. Broad Street , Suite 116, Philadelphia, PA, 19122; phone: 215-787- 5434; fax: 215-787-5436; email: grace.ma@temple.edu ...

B REAST C ANCER S TAGE AT D IAGNOSIS The stage at which breast cancer is diagnosed has an enormous impact on 5-year survival rates. Cancer stages include in situ ( cancer is confined to the site of origin – duct or lobule – without invasion of neighboring tissues ), local ( cancer has invaded fatty tissue, but is confined to the breast) , regional ( cancer has spread to tissue or lymph nodes surrounding the breast), and distant ( cancer has metastasized to distant organs). Chances for 5-year survival post- diagnosis are decreased when cancer is found at a later stage or when larger tumors are discovered. • In the affiliate service area, about 70% of breast cancer cases are diagnosed in an early stage (in situ or local) and local stage is by far the most common (see ...

The breast cancer diagnosis by using fluorescence data Team 7 Jiyoung Choi, Jongahn Lee, Junseong Park Abstract Fluorescence intensity fluctuations was considered in specific wavelength (540660nm) through the discrete wavelet transform and clustering method ANN (Artificial Neural Network). We can find meaningful facts by using discrete wavelet transform coefficient. We could get comparatively superior classification result that the accuracy was approximately 80100% by applying ANN. It was already known that flavin had an important role related to tumor growth and it absorbs the light in particular wavelength range (560580nm). After, we had a different classification except for flavin effect wavelength range for proving our hypothesis and the result was approximately 50%. So, we can expect that the flavin has an important role about tumor growth, and fluorescence intensity has a different fluctuation ...

1 Understanding prostate cancer – cellular and molecular clues Understanding prostate cancer – cellular and molecular clues R. William G. Watson Department of Sugery, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research University College Dublin william.watson@ucd.ie R. William G. Watson Department of Sugery, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research University College Dublin william.watson@ucd.ie Prostate Cancer ò Commonest cancer in the Irish male ò 1571 cases and 540 deaths in 2002 ò Treatment – Early detection – Curative – Surgery vs Radiation – Locally advanced/advanced - mainly palliative – ...

Exploration of Social Cognitive Factors Zhang & DeBate Exploration of Social Cognitive Factors Associated with Physical Activity Among Chinese-American Children Yan Zhang, PhD 1 ; Rita DiGioacchino DeBate, PhD, MPH, CHES 2 Author 1 is affiliated with the Department of Family and Community Medicine at the Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center. Author 2 is affiliated with the Community and Family Health at the University of South Florida College of Public Health. Contact Author: Yan Zhang, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Department of Family and Community Medicine, 3601 4 th St, STPP 8161, Room 1C165D, Lubbock, TX, 79430; phone: 806- 743-6984; fax: 806-743-1292; email: yan.zhang@ttuhsc.edu Submitted December 1, 2005; Revised and Accepted May 26, 2006 Abstract ...

The Use of PSA and the Early Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer Summary of the Alberta Clinical Practice Guideline for the use of PSA and the Early Detection of Prostate Cancer , June 1997 Administered by the Alberta Medical Association For complete guideline refer to the TOP Website: www.topalbertadoctors.org Revised Dec 2005 ? PSA testing is critical in the management of men with prostate cancer . ? Although the mortality rates from prostate cancer are declining, it is unclear whether this decline is attributable to prostate specific antigen (PSA) testing. ? To provide guidance about the appropriate use of PSA testing. ? To help physicians and their patients make informed decisions about the early diagnosis of prostate cancer in asymptomatic men of any age. ? PSA testing detects prostate cancer at an earlier stage. ? The benefit of PSA is ...

family nurse practitioner saw a patient in January, 1991. The patient reported that for several months she had had a discharge and constant scabbing of one of her nipples. The nurse ordered topi- cal and oral antibiotics for what she di- agnosed as an infected nipple and a mammogramwhich was negative. She returned in July, 1991 with con- tinuing pain and discharge from the same breast. The nurse practitioner asked her to see a dermatologist. The nurse just assumed the patient would see the dermatologist, and further as- sumed he would biopsy the affected area. The nurse practitioner did not dis- cuss a biopsy with the patient to rule out cancer or check whether she saw the dermatologist and had a biopsy. In October and November, 1991 the patient saw her gynecologist, in a differ- ent clinic than where the nurse practitio- ner practiced. He treated her ...

North American Central Cancer Registry (NAACCR) Certification Results on Quality, Completeness & Timeliness of 2003 ( Diagnosis Year) Data Summary of Certification Measures BC Cancer Registry Registry Element Gold Standard Silver Standard Actual Measure* Measurement Error Allowed Standard Achieved 1. Completeness of case ascertainment 95% 90% 88.6% 1.0% Not Achieved 2. Completeness of information recorded - Missing/unknown "age at dx" <= 2% <= 3% 0.0% -0.4% Gold - Missing/unknown "sex" <= 2% <= 3% 0.0% -0.4% Gold - Missing/unknown "race" <= 3% <= 5% 0.0% -0.4% Gold - Missing/unknown "State/Province & County <= 2% <= 3% 0.3% -0.4% Gold ...

Applying Technology to Assist in Breast Cancer Diagnosis A family practice physician in a rural clinic in Alabama sees a suspicious mass on a mammogram. There is no expert nearby to consult. So the doctor uploads the image to her computer, which is equipped with specialized software that can access remote databases of participating hospitals via the Internet and search for similar images. The system returns 75 images, with annotations about the outcomes of the cases but no identifying information, to protect patients’ privacy. She discards 52 images that don’t look similar to the mammogram and feeds the rest back into the system, asking it to search again and find images that look closer to these. This iterative process continues, and within ten minutes, the doctor finds four images that are a close match. She determines from the annotations on the images that the mass shown on the mammogram ...

| Short Contents Full Contents Other books @ NCBI Navigation About this book Oncology Microarrays for Cancer Diagnosis and Classification Introduction Revealing Expression Profiles for Cancer Diagnosis and Classification Using Expression Profiles in the Clinic Perspective References Search This book All books PubMed Eurekah Bioscience Collection Oncology Microarrays for Cancer Diagnosis and Classification Ainhoa Perez-Diez Andrey Morgun Natalia Shulzhenko Corresponding Author: Ainhoa Perez—Diez-Ghost Lab, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, NIAID, NIH, U.S.A, Email: aperezdiez@niaid.nih.gov Microarray analysis has yet to be widely accepted for diagnosis and classification of human cancers, despite the ...

No. 150 June 2006 Female Breast Cancer Incidence, Stage at Diagnosis , Treatment, and Mortality in North Carolina by Sohrab Ali, MPH, MIS ABSTRACT SC SC SC SC HH HH S S S S S S S S tt tt uu uu dd dd ies ies ies ies NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES A Special Report Series by the State Center for Health Statistics 1908 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, N.C. 27699-1908 www.schs.state.nc.us/SCHS/ North Carolina Public Health Note : Sohrab Ali is a statistician with the North Carolina Central Cancer Registry, State Center for Health Statistics, Division of Public Health, North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Raleigh, North Carolina. Objectives: Female breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in ...

Post-traumatic growth subsequent to diagnosis and treatment of cancer Every Term Supervising Faculty Jennifer Steel Contact Jennifer Steel (412) 692-2041 Area of Research Behavioral Medicine Description Psychologist most often study the negative effects of traumatic events such as natural disasters, accidents, and terminal illnesses. Research in the areas of resilience or post traumatic growth focuses on factors that facilitate recovery (psychiatric and health- related) from negative life events. The present study will focus on understanding the (1) positive changes that occur in emotions, attitudes, and behaviors subsequent to a diagnosis of cancer , (2) to understand who experiences these positive changes as it is expected that not every individual experiences post traumatic growth subsequent to a diagnosis ...

Health Status of Immigrants Bajracharya et al. Health Status of Immigrants from Nepal in the United States: Preliminary Findings and Methodological Issues Srijana M. Bajracharya, PhD, CHES and Mary K. Bentley, PhD Authors are affiliated with the Department of Health Promotion and Physical Education, Ithaca College. Contact Author: Srijana M. Bajracharya, Ithaca College, Department of Health Promotion and Physical Education , 953 Danby Road, Ithaca, NE 14850; phone: 607-274-3411; fax: 607-274-1174; email: sbajracharya@ithaca.edu Submitted October 27, 2005; Revised and Accepted March 27, 2006 Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the perceived health status, health behaviors, family values and relationships of a select group of Nepalese in the US. Nepalese are a small minority group most often categorized in the U.S. under the Asian and Pacific Islanders ...

Medical_Radiation_Imaging_for_Cancer Advances in Medical Radiation Imaging for Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment A. Introduction 1. Cancer management requires reliable diagnosis in order to identify the primary tumour and assess its dissemination to surrounding tissues, as well as to other organs and structures throughout the body. This process, technically called ‘staging’, is of paramount importance in deciding the therapeutic approach to be taken, since staging dictates prognosis and consequently therapy. Imaging by means of radiation medicine techniques is usually the first step in clinical management and diagnostic radiology and nuclear medicine studies play important roles in screening, staging, monitoring of treatment, and in long term surveillance of cancer patients. 2. Until a few decades ago, medical imaging was dominated by planar (projection view) X-ray radiography aimed at ...

Report of the Breast Cancer Progress Review Group October 2004 6-1 Chapter 6: Early Detection, Diagnosis , and Prognosis Chapter 6: Early Detection, Diagnosis , and Prognosis of Breast Cancer : NCI’s Investment and Recent Progress In the coming decade, we should strive to develop noninvasive methods for detecting and characterizing with certainty precancerous and cancerous breast lesions when they are small and more easily treated. Charting the Course: Priorities for Breast Cancer Research Research has shown that early detection, in combination with effective treatment, can reduce mortality from breast cancer . The steady drop in breast cancer mortality rates since the early 1990s has, to a great extent, been due to improvements in screening and treatment. NCI is supporting research on early detection to improve the technologies and practices ...

Romanian Family Health Initiative – Success Story 1 JSI Research and Training Institute Intr. Mihai Eminescu 5 +40.21–210.0771 Voice 020079 Bucharest 2 +40.21–210.8251 Fax Romania office@jsi.ro E-mail 4/19/04 On a global scale, for Romanian women breast cancer is the second highest cause of death due to cancers. In 2001, the Renasterea Foundation brought public attention in Romania to the problem of breast cancer . Its message was that with early detection and treatment, breast cancer is not a fatal disease. In the same year, the Renasterea Foundation joined the Global Landmark Illumination Initiative in which, on the first of October, representative buildings from around the world are illuminated in pink, as a symbol of the fight against breast cancer . Besides the awareness campaigns about breast cancer , the Renasterea ...

Editors N. Perry M. Broeders C. de Wolf S. Törnberg R. Holland L. von Karsa Technical editor E. Puthaar European guidelines for quality assurance in breast cancer screening and diagnosis F o u r t h E d i t i o n Page 2 This document has been prepared with financial support from the European Commission [grant agreement SPC.2002482]. The contents of this document do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Commission and are in no way an indication of the Commission’s future position in this area. Neither the Commission nor any person acting on its behalf can be held responsible for any use that may be made of the information in this document. A great deal of additional information on the European Union is available on the Internet. It can be accessed through the Europa server (http://europa.eu.int). Further information ...

MODERN DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF COLON CANCER - ABSTRACT - “To diagnose earlier is to treat half the disease”. Mudrow CONTENTS: Introduction 1 Level of knowledge ..2 Notions of anatomy and physiology.. .2 Etiopathogeny ..2 Personal contributions ...3 The structure of the group ....3 Pathological anatomy .3 Colon cancer diagnosis .4 Colon cancer treatment 5 The metastatic colon cancer ..8 Hospitalisation ..8 Results8 Multimodal treatment ....8 KEYWORDS Colon cancer Earlier diagnose Multimodal treatment INTRODUCTION Colon cancer represents one of the most frequent forms of cancer , being an important aspect of public health. Colon surgery, unlike the other digestive locations, has a series of peculiarities coming both from its anatomy, physiology and physiopathology and the characteristic ...

Diagnosis of Cancer using MAS Ingrid S. Gribbestad, Ph.D., Tone F. Bathen, Ph.D. and Beathe Sitter, Ph.D. Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway Introduction The MR spectroscopy (MRS) method gives a comprehensive window into tissue biochemistry and interrogates cancer tissue for diagnostic and prognostic markers. In vivo MRS adds to MRI information to describe tissue abnormalities in patients. For tissue specimens, studies have shown that ex vivo MRS can characterize tumors ( 1-3) . Conventional MR spectroscopy of biopsies has been described to classify cancer tissue from cervix (4) and breast (5) cancer patients. Increased spectral resolution gives more detailed metabolic information than conventional MRS analysis. Magic angle spinning (MAS) MRS has been used to study intact tissue specimens since 1996. The specimens can be evaluated ...

Ruprecht-Karls-UniversitÃ¤t Heidelberg FakultÃ¤t fÃ¼r Klinische Medizin Mannheim D i s s e r t a t i o n s - K u r z f a s s u n g Infrared spectroscopic diagnosis of cancer Autor: Venkata Radhakrishna Kondepati Institut / Klinik: Chirurgische Klinik Doktorvater: Prof. Dr. B. C. Manegold Apart from the enormous efforts in understanding, prevention and treatment, cancer remains a leading cause of death. The gold standard in most cancer diagnosis is histopathological evaluation of a stained tissue obtained from biopsy of a particular organ. Though cytology and histopathology are highly efficient diagnostic tests they are invasive and in certain instances, these tests by themselves fail to provide a decisive answer as to whether a lesion is a tumour or not. Though non invasive imaging techniques like computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging has gained much ...

Medical College of Georgia School of Nursing Center for Nursing Research Seminar Race, Ethnicity, SES & Stage at Breast Cancer Diagnosis : Toward a More Comprehensive Model Presented By Richard T. Campbell Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology School of Public Health University of Illinois at Chicago Institute for Health Research and Policy M/C 275 University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago, IL 60608 Abstract Recent interest in SES, race and ethnic disparities in health outcomes has stimulated a great deal of work various aspects of breast cancer . Using data on some 30,000 cases diagnosed in Cook County, IL. between 1994 and 2000, we examine the effects of age, race and Hispanic ethnicity and poverty on stage at initial diagnosis . As with most such studies, it is difficult to disentangle the effects ...

Onset of Smoking Behaviors Subasi et al. Onset of Smoking Behaviors and Participation in Leisure Physical Activities of Turkish Adolescents Attending Vocational Health Schools Feryal Subasi, PT, PhD 1 ; William Hey, PhD 2 ; Gonca Mumcu, Dentist (Dt), PhD 1 ; Leyla Koksal, Nurse, MSc in Public Health 1 ; Emel Luleci , MD 1 ; Haydar Sur, MD, PhD 1 Authors 1 are affiliated with the Department of Health Education at the University of Marmara in Istanbul, Turkey. Author 2 is affiliated with the Department of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, Jacksonville State University. Contact Author: William Hey, Jacksonville State University, Department of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, 700 Pelhman Road ...

Adolescents Engaging in Risky Sexual Behavior Novilla et al. Adolescents Engaging in Risky Sexual Behavior: Sexual Activity and Associated Behavioral Risk Factors in Bolivian Adolescents M. Lelinneth B. Novilla, MD, MPH; Kirk A. Dearden, DrPH, MPH; Benjamin T. Crookston, MPH (c) ; Natalie De La Cruz, MPH (c) , CHES; Susan Hill, PhD; Scott B. Torres, BS All authors are affiliated with the Department of Health Science at Brigham Young University. Contact Author: M. Lelinneth B. Novilla, Brigham Young University, Department of Health Science, 221-B Richards Building, Provo, UT, 84602; phone: 801-422-9356; fax: 801-422-0273; email: len_novilla@byu.edu Submitted October 23, 2005; Revised and Accepted April 3, 2006 Abstract This study describes the prevalence of risky sexual activities among Bolivian adolescents within the context ...

Frost & Sullivan Market Insight Published: 12 Apr 2006 Nanobiosensors: Ray of Hope for Cancer Diagnosis Date Published: 12 Apr 2006 By Arun AK, Research Associate- Clinical Diagnostics - Healthcare Email: aarun@frost.com Cancer remains to be a leading cause of death in the present century. Although advancements in the medical field are an on-going process, the curability of this dreadful disease remains a hope for millions of lives across the globe. This is because there has been no substantial progress in the past 50 years in fighting against cancer .However, early detection of cancer increases the survival rates of the patients. So the diagnosis of cancer in its early stage is likely to improve the life expectancy of cancer patients. Thus cancer diagnosis is an important and practical way to improve the cure rate. In Europe alone, there were an estimated 2.88 million incident ...

Improved Breast Cancer Diagnosis through Decision Fusion Anna Leigh Rack-Gomer Department of Electrical Engineering Duke University Advisor: Dr. Loren Nolte, Professor of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering Abstract With the introduction of several new modalities for the detection of breast cancer , it has become even more important to implement computer-aided diagnostic models to help generate the best decisions from multiple tests, particularly when including multimodal data sets such as a mammogram and gene expression profile. Decision fusion provides a statistical model that can best combine information from multiple tests, by taking into account the performance of each diagnostic as a detector of breast cancer . To show this, the promoter methylation levels of five specific genes (proven biomarkers of breast cancer ) were analyzed in 19 known tumor tissue samples ...