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42 Chapter 4: Lung Cancer Diagnosis & Staging INTRODUCTION The lungs are vital organs. Working with the heart and circulatory system, they provide life-sustaining oxygen and rid the body of carbon dioxide. Normal lungs have a great reserve capacity to meet the body’s need for oxygen across a wide variety of circumstances. The same is true of the heart and circulatory system. This reserve capacity permits cancerous lung tumors to grow for years without compromising lung function. Furthermore, the lungs do not have many nerves to transmit pain messages. Therefore, a cancerous lung tumor can grow for many years without causing any symptoms . Unfortunately, this means that most people are not diagnosed with lung cancer until late in the disease process. Even more unfortunate is the fact that this long period of silent growth gives the cancer time to spread before it is diagnosed. ...

Title: Optical Image Analysis For The Diagnosis Of Colon Cancer Abstract: Introduction . Colon cancer and its pre-cursors alter the macro- architecture of the colon tissue. Common changes include angiogenesis and distortion of mucosal and submucosal collagen matrix. Such changes affect the colon colouration, but may not be discerned by the human eye. This paper presents principles of a novel optical imaging method which produces histologically informative images showing spatial distribution and quantities associated with blood and collagen. Methods . A computational, physics-based model of light interaction with tissue predicts colours associated with a specific instance of the colon tissue. The colon structure is represented by four layers: mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa propria and serosa. Optical properties of the layers are defined by molar concentration and absorption ...

Diagnosis of Ovarian Cancer Based on Mass Spectra of Blood Samples * Hong Tang Computer Science and Eng. University of South Florida Tampa, fl 33620 htang2@csee.usf.edu Yelena Mukomel Computer Science and Eng. University of South Florida Tampa, fl 33620 mukomel@csee.usf.edu Eugene Fink Language Technologies Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, pa 15213 e.fink@cs.cmu.edu Abstract – The early detection of cancer is crucial for successful treatment, and medical researchers have in- vestigated a number of early- diagnosis techniques. Re- cently, they have discovered that some cancers affect the concentration of certain molecules in the blood, which allows early diagnosis by analyzing the blood mass spec- trum. Researchers have developed several techniques for ...

breast cancer diagnosis New technologies in Information update Page 2 I n f o rmat io n updat e – Mar c h 2002 New t e c hno lo gies in breast c a nc er dia g no sis 2 New technologies project team members: Associate Professor Michael Bilous Mr John Collins Associate Professor Grantley Gill Dr Nehmat Houssami Dr Marjorie Kossoff Dr Marilyn McMurchie Associate Professor Jonathan Osborne Dr Mary Rickard Ms Margaret Tassell Ms Maria Torres Ms Fleur Webster The project team would like to acknowledge the contribution of Mr Michael Henderson, member of the BreastScreen Australia InterCollegiate Committe, in reviewing the draft update. The project team would also like to acknowledge the contribution of Dr Jack Jellins, president of the International Breast Ultrasound School, for his input into the development of the ...

Diagnosis of Ovarian Cancer Based on Mass Spectrum of Blood Samples by Hong Tang A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Computer Science Department of Computer Science and Engineering College of Engineering University of South Florida Co-Major Professor: Eugene Fink, Ph.D. Co-Major Professor: Lihua Li, Ph.D. Member: Dmitry B. Goldgof, Ph.D. Date of Approval: July 22, 2003 Keywords: Data Mining, Medical Application, Decision Trees, Support Vector Machines, Neural Networks. c Copyright 2003, Hong Tang Page 2 Acknowledgements I am grateful to my faculty supervisors, Eugene Fink and Lihua Li, for their help and support. I thank Dmitry Goldgof for his valuable comments and suggestions. I also appreciate the help of my fellow graduate students: Yong Chu, Jianli Gong, Yelena ...

The Application of a Simulated Annealing Fuzzy Clustering Algorithm for Cancer Diagnosis Xiao Ying Wang, Glenn Whitwell and Jonathan M Garibaldi Automated Scheduling, Optimisation and Planning (ASAP) Research Group Department of Computer Science & Information Technology The University of Nottingham, Jubilee Campus, Wollaton Road, UK {xyw,jmg}@cs.nott.ac.uk Abstract – Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) is becoming a powerful tool for use in the study of biomedical conditions, including cancer diagnosis . As part of an ongoing programme of research into the potential early diagnosis of cervical cancer , Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) and Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) have been applied to distinguish FTIR spectra obtained from cancerous and non-cancerous cells. In recent experimentation on non pre-processed FTIR spectra data, the FCM method ...

RURAL FARMERS’ EXPERIENCE IN LIVING WITH PROSTATE CANCER FOLLOWING DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT A Thesis Submitted to the College of Graduate Studies and Research for the Degree of Master in Nursing University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon By Darren Gronvold Winter 2004 © Copyright Darren Gronvold, 2004. All rights reserved Page 2 i PERMISSION TO USE I hereby grant to University of Saskatchewan and/or its agents the non-exclusive license to archive and make accessible, under the conditions specified below, my thesis, in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or for the duration of my copyright ownership. I retain all other ownership rights to the copyright of the thesis, dissertation or project report. I also reserve the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis. I certify that the version ...

MJA Vol 177 7 October 2002 347 RESEARCH The Medical Journal of Australia ISSN: 0025-729X 7 October 2002 177 7 347-351 ©The Medical Journal of Australia 2002 www.mja.com.au Research A ROUND 11 000 WOMEN are diagnosed with breast cancer in Australia each year. 1 About three-quarters are aged over 50 years, and many have menopau- sal symptoms. In addition, most chemo- therapies for breast cancer can cause ovarian dysfunction or premature menopause. For example, tamoxifen promotes vasomotor symptoms, despite oestrogen-like effects on the uterus and vagina. 2 Indeed, 60% of premenopausal women who receive adjuvant therapy for breast cancer subsequently have oes- trogen deficiency. 3,4 A significant reduction in menopausal symptoms and improvement ...

THE initial management of a patient with a suspected testicular tumour includes scrotal ultrasound to demonstrate the presence of a testicular mass, and measurement of the serum tumour markers, alpha fetoprotein (a- FP) and beta human chorionic gonado- trophin (ß-HCG) (see below). Patients should be referred to a urologist for surgical assess- ment and management. The diagnosis of testicular cancer is con- firmed by inguinal orchidectomy. An inguinal approach is used to allow with- drawal of the testis intact and prevents local spread of the tumour. Patients who have a trans-scrotal proce- dure (either needle or open biopsies) are at much higher risk of local recurrence. Fur- thermore, the pattern of spread of the disease may be altered, which has implications for the subsequent management of the patient by active surveillance (see below). Therefore, testicular biopsies ...

187 Volume 21, Number 5 ORIGINAL ARTICLE ORIGINAL ARTICLE Radiation Medicine: Vol. 21 No. 5, 187–192 p.p., 2003 Diagnosis of Tis/T1 Breast Cancer Extent by Multislice Helical CT: A Novel Classification of Tumor Distribution Mitsuhiro Tozaki,* Makio Kawakami,** Masafumi Suzuki,** Ken Uchida,*** Akinori Yamashita,*** and Kunihiko Fukuda* Purpose: To evaluate the clinical usefulness of multislice helical CT (MSCT) for assessing breast cancer extent. Materials and Methods: MSCT was performed in 70 patients with Tis/T1 breast cancer [12 ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and 58 invasive carcinoma]. The distribution pattern of contrast enhancement (CE) was classified into five categories: solitary lesion (localized area of CE), grouped lesion (satellite: localized CE with linear and/or spotty enhancement; crowded: clustered spotty enhancement), separated lesion ...

PREOPERATIVE OVARIAN CANCER DIAGNOSIS USING NEURO-FUZZY APPROACH E.O. Madu, V. Stalbovskaya, B. Hamadicharef, E.C. Ifeachor S. Van Huffel, D. Timmerman Univ. of Plymouth, UK KU Leuven, Belgium ABSTRACT In this paper, we propose a neuro-fuzzy model for preoperative prediction of malignancy in ovarian tumours. The model is intended to form part of a reliable preoperative tool to discriminate between benign and malignant ovarian tumours to help clinicians decide the most appropriate form of treatment for patients. An aim of our work is to find a model that is understandable, practicable and capable of achieving accurate diagnosis . In this paper, we present our initial attempts to develop such a model using the Adaptive Network based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). Our model predicts ovarian cancer malignancy using demographic, serum tumour marker and ultrasound- ...

Review 411 C ONTENTS Proteomics as a diagnostic tool Proteomic pattern technology Summary & conclusions Expert opinion Five-year view Key issues References Affiliations www.future-drugs.com Cancer diagnosis using proteomic patterns Thomas P Conrads, Ming Zhou, Emmanuel F Petricoin III, Lance Liotta and Timothy D Veenstra † The advent of proteomics has brought with it the hope of discovering novel biomarkers that can be used to diagnose diseases, predict susceptibility and monitor progression. Much of this effort has focused upon the mass spectral identification of the thousands of proteins that populate complex biosystems such as serum and tissues. A revolutionary approach in proteomic pattern analysis has emerged as an effective method for the early diagnosis of ...

1 Feature Selection and Classification in the Diagnosis of Cervical Cancer Introduction Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers, accounting for 6% of all malignancies in women (National Cancer Institute, 1999). The standard screening test for cervical cancer is the Papanicolaou (or “Pap”) smear, which involves visual examination of cervical cells under a microscope for evidence of abnormality (Mackay, Beischer, Cox & Wood, 1983). Pap smear screening is labour-intensive and boring, but requires high precision, and so appears on the surface to be extremely suitable for automation. Research has been done in this area since the late 1950s (Husain & Watts, 1988); it is one of the “classical” problems in automated image analysis (see also Banda-Gamboa, Ricketts, Cairns, Hussein, Tucker & Husain, 1992; Bartels, 1992 and Danielson, Kanagasingam, Jirgensen, ...

Specificity of Choline Metabolites for In Vivo MRS Diagnosis of Breast Cancer at 1.5T P. Stanwell 1 , L. Gluch 1 , D. Clark 2 , B. Tomanek 3 , L. Baker 4 , B. Giuffré 5 , C. Lean 1 , P. Malycha 1 , C. Mountford 1 1 Department of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, University of Sydney, Institute for Magnetic Resonance Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia, 2 The Breast Centre, Christo Road, Waratah, Sydney, NSW, Australia, 3 National Research Council Canada, Institute for Biodiagnostics, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, 4 Department of Radiology, Sydney Adventist Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia, 5 Department of Radiology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia Objective: Determine if in vivo proton ...

P RESENTACIÓN S304 salud pública de méxico / vol.45, suplemento 3 de 2003 Introduction Cancer prevention Knowledge of the epidemiology of cervical cancer (CC) is essential for planning activities for controlling cancer . Studies from basic, clinical and epidemiological research provide information regarding mechanisms in the carcinogenesis process, and they estimate the incidence of the illness and tendencies in mortality, as well as the impact of this illness on communities. These studies also contribute toward identifying high risk factors, and present evidence from populational research that helps to determine the effectiveness of primary and secondary prevention measures on this illness. The Journal Salud Pública de México is pleased to present this special issue on Cervical cancer : New perspectives for diagnosis , pre- vention and control. ...

Cancer Research and Treatment 2004;36(1):1-3 ? Editorial ? 1 Current cancer diagnosis and classification relies on clinical and histopathological information. However, some cases bring diagnostic confusion due to incomplete clinical information and atypical histopathologic features, together with the fact that criteria for histopathologic information is subjective. Molecular diagnosis using tumor biomarkers offers precise and objective tumor diagnosis . Chromosomal changes and genetic mutations can be used in the molecular diagnosis of tumors. Loss of the long arm of chromosome 14 and activating mutation of c-kit are objective genetic changes in gastroin- testinal stromal tumors (1-3), and gene rearrangement of bcr/abl is a diagnostic marker for acute myelogenous leukemia (4). However, molecular diagnosis is not generally accepted because of the scant number of objective ...

Glossary of Screening, Diagnosis and Treatment Methods for Cervical Cancer Cervicography A technique in which a photograph of the cervix is obtained after application of diluted (3-5%) acetic acid, using a specially equipped camera and a special film. Once developed, the photographs, called cervigrams, are projected as slides and interpreted by specially trained colposcopists. Cervico-photography A visual technique similar to cervicography, but using a less expensive camera with standard film. Once developed, the photos (cervico-photographs) may be printed on paper, projected onto slides, or transferred to digital images and be shared electronically. Cold Coagulation Cold coagulation is an ablative procedure whereby abnormal cells are killed by applying a thermal probe heated to 60-100° C using the Semm Cold Coagulator. The process is especially painful and results in a ...

A property-based model for lung cancer diagnosis Alma Barranco-Mendoza 1 , Deryck R. Persaud 2 , Verónica Dahl 3 Keywords: cancer diagnosis , biomarkers, molecular targets, logic programming, constraint handling rules, concept formation. 1 Introduction. To this day, lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer death for both sexes: almost one- third of cancer deaths among men and almost one-quarter among women. [1] Survival rates for lung cancer are low. It is suggested that only about 15% of patients are diagnosed at the early stages. The average 5-year survival rate for patients that are diagnosed early is 48% compared to 15% for those who were diagnosed at the later stages. [2] It is well known that the survival rates can be improved by the early detection of pre-invasive lesions, which are believed to be the possible precursors ...

cancer diagnosis 1581 Cancer 101 Cancer Diagnosis & Staging Lesson 3 We will learn to explain to family and friends: What is meant by the term “biopsy” How tumors behave differently from one another Examples of the stages of cancer and their meaning. Why staging is important How Cambodians are doing with staging of cancers What is diagnosis ? Possible existence of cancer (symptoms or screening) Doctor will perform a biopsy (surgical removal of a small piece of tissue) Microscopic examination (Tells the doctor whether a tumor is actually present) Benign &nbs...

By William C. Dooley, M.D., G. Rainey Williams Chair in Breast Oncology and Professor, Department of Surgery Breast cancer is rising in incidence quickly in the United States. Current projections from the National Cancer Institute (NCI) are that by 2015, more than 480,000 women a year maybe diagnosed with this disease. Treatments for breast cancer are undergoing a rapid evolution since the introduction of breast conservation and sentinel node biopsy. Unfortunately, our diagnostic improvements have lagged behind somewhat. The American Cancer Society stopped endorsement of self breast exam this past summer, since no scientific studies could show that it reduced breast cancer deaths. Mammography has reduced the average size of cancer at diagnosis and improved survival among American women significantly in the last five to seven ...

International XII. Turkish Symposium on Artificial Intelligence and Neural Networks – TAINN 2003 BREAST CANCER DIAGNOSIS USING STATISTICAL NEURAL NETWORKS Tüba Kiyan, Tülay Yildirim Electronics and Communication Eng. Department Yildiz Technical University Besiktas, Istanbul 34349 TURKEY tkiyan@yildiz.edu.tr , tulay@yildiz.edu.tr Abstract. Breast cancer is the second largest cause of cancer deaths among women. The performance of the statistical neural network structures, radial basis network (RBF), general regression neural network (GRNN) and probabilistic neural network (PNN) are examined on the Wisconsin breast cancer data (WBCD) in this paper. This is a well- used database in machine learning, neural network and signal processing. Statistical neural networks are used to increase the accuracy and objectivity of breast cancer diagnosis . Keywords. Radial ...

P.O.Box 2345, Beijing 100023,China World J Gastroenterol 2003;9(2):288-290 Fax: +86-10-85381893 World Journal of Gastroenterology E-mail: wjg@wjgnet.com www.wjgnet.com Copyright © 2003 by The WJG Press ISSN 1007-9327 • COLORECTAL CANCER • Angiography for diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer Jin Gu, Zhao-Lai Ma, Ying Li, Ming Li, Guang-Wei Xu Jin Gu, Ming Li, Guang-Wei Xu, Department of Surgery, Oncology School of Peking University, Beijing, Beijing 100036, China Zhao-Lai Ma, Department of Surgery, the Third Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China Ying Li, Department of Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Beijing 100044, China Correspondence to: Dr. Jin Gu, Department of Surgery, Oncology School of Peking University, 52 FuCheng Road, Beijing 100036, China. jingu_1999@yahoo.com Telephone: +86-10-88141032 Fax: ...

P.O.Box 2345, Beijing 100023,China World J Gastroenterol 2003;9(2):284-287 Fax: +86-10-85381893 World Journal of Gastroenterology E-mail: wjg@wjgnet.com www.wjgnet.com Copyright © 2003 by The WJG Press ISSN 1007-9327 • COLORECTAL CANCER • Clinical characteristics and diagnosis of patients with hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer San-Jun Cai, Ye Xu, Guo-Xiang Cai, Peng Lian, Zu-Qing Guan, Shan-Jing Mo, Meng-Hong Sun, Qi Cai, Da-Ren Shi San-Jun Cai, Ye Xu, Guo-Xiang Cai, Peng Lian, Zu-Qing Guan, Shan-Jing Mo, Department of Abdominal Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Hospital/Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China Meng-Hong Sun, Qi Cai, Da-Ren Shi, Department of Pathology, Shanghai Cancer Hospital/Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China Supported by Shanghai Medical Development Fund for Major Projects, No. 993025-I ...

Abstract Purpose: The aim of the present study was to assess the value of radioimmunoscintigraphy using Tc-99m labeled monoclonal antibody ior-c5 labeled with Tc-99m in the detection of primary, metastatic and recurrent ovarian cancer . Twenty-two patients, aged between 20 and 67 years were included. There were nine new patients with palpable ovarian mass without any previous treatment nor any past history of ovarian cancer (Group-I). In Group-II there were 13 patients with past history of ovarian tumour. Each patient received 1.85-2.22 GBq Tc-99m -ior-c5 injected intravenously. Radiochemical purity of Tc-99m - ior-c5 was 97±2%. Planar and SPECT images were obtained at 4 hrs. and 18-24 hrs. Final diagnosis was made in all patients on the basis of histopathology. The results of scintigraphic studies were correlated with those of histopathological examinations. ...

TechTIPS Pipeline Series Calendar of Events: Invention Review Meeting Thursday, September 12, 2002 Ag/Bio Symposium & Showcase October 17 & 18, 2002 Salk Institute for Biological Studies Frederic de Hoffmann Auditorium Intellectual Property Seminar Wednesday, October 23, 2002 Center for Magnetic Recording Research (CMRR) Auditorium Inside this Issue: Prof. Asbeck Wins Award..2 Licensed Technologies 2 New Patents 2 & 3 TechTIPS Activities ..3 TechTIPS @ BIO2002 ..4 TIP: Did you know? Prior to giving a talk or presenting data at a public forum you should contact TechTIPS to ensure that your invention or copyrights are protected. Disclosure forms are available for download from our website at http:// invent.ucsd.edu/ and for more information call (858) 534-5815. rofessor David R. ...

Abstract. In this study we have evaluated the use of hypericin ex vivo urine fluorescence cytology as a non-invasive method for detecting early bladder cancers. To date this is the first study reported using this technique with hypericin. Urine samples from patients with early bladder cancers were processed for fluorescence cytology by incubation with hypericin, a novel photosensitizer. Normal urine samples incubated with hypericin served as normal controls. Laser confocal microscopy and spectroscopy was used to detect the fluorescence in the exfoliated low-grade urothelial tumor cells. Fluorescence cytology was considered positive if hypericin fluorescence of the low-grade urothelial tumor cells was detected to be stronger (>8.5 times) compared to the baseline fluorescence established for normal urine samples. Automated analysis for an objective reproducible outcome appears possible. The possibility ...

Polymers in Cells - A journey from fundamental polymer science to cancer diagnosis and nerve repair Josef A. Käs University of Leipzig Physics Department The physics of biological cells signifies the next fundamental challenge to soft matter physics since it requires to create polymer physics for thermal nonequilibrium (an aspect which is usually only considered in nonlinear dynamics) and to combine cutting edge techniques from nanosciences, nonlinear optics, laser trapping and gene technology. Since all eukaryotic cells, depend in their internal structure and organization on the cytoskeleton we particularly strive to understand the physics of the cytoskeleton. Polymeric actin networks provide the rigidity for biological cells. We discovered that molecular motors can significantly lower the stress relaxation time, effectively fluidizing an actin gel. This result demonstrates that switch-able nano-sized ...

Psychosomatic Medicine 65:636-643 (2003) © 2003 American Psychosomatic Society Psychological Distress and Cancer Survival: A Follow-Up 10 Years After Diagnosis Kirk W. Brown, Adrian R. Levy, Zeev Rosberger and Linda Edgar From Department of Clinical and Social Sciences in Psychology (K.W.B.), University of Rochester, Rochester, New York; Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences (A.R.L.), St. Paul’s Hospital and Department of Health Care and Epidemiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia; Division of Psychology (Z.R., L.E.), Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal; and Departments of Psychology, Psychiatry, and Oncology (Z.R.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Kirk W. Brown, PhD, CSP, Meliora Hall, RC Box 270266, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627- 0266. E-mail: kirk@prodigal.psych. rochester.edu ...

Situation analysis for cervical cancer diagnosis and treatment in East, Central and Southern African countries Zvavahera M. Chirenje, 1 Simbarashe Rusakaniko, 2 Leah Kirumbi, 3 Edward W. Ngwalle, 4 Pulani Makuta-Tlebere, 5 Sam Kaggwa, 6 Winnie Mpanju-Shumbusho, 7 & Lucy Makoae 8 Objective To determine the factors influencing cervical cancer diagnosis and treatment in countries of East, Central and Southern Africa (ECSA). Methods Data were collected from randomly selected primary health care centres, district and provincial hospitals, and tertiary hospitals in each participating country. Health care workers were interviewed, using a questionnaire; the facilities for screening, diagnosing, and treating cervical cancer in each institution were recorded, using a previously designed ...

MammoScan AS - System for automatic detection and diagnosis of breast cancer Thor Ole Gulsrud and Kjersti Engan MammoScan AS P.O. Box 8034, N-4068 Stavanger tog@mammoscan.no The ”MammoScan” system has its origin in the Ph.D. work of associate professor at Høgskolen i Stavanger (HiS), Thor Ole Gulsrud. At present, the system consists of algorithms for the detection and classification of microcalcifications in digital mam- mograms. In February 2003 the company MammoScan AS was established with the aim of performing a commercialisation of the research results. Partners in the com- pany are HiS, Procom Venture AS, Thor Ole Gulsrud, Kjersti Engan, and Rogaland Kunnskapspark AS. The algorithms in the ”MammoScan” system are based on the use of digital filters for feature extraction. As shown in Figure 1, the extracted features are utilized to enhance any possible microcalcifications in a mammogram. ...