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THE INSTITUTE OF CANCER RESEARCH¶–¶THE ROYAL MARSDEN NHS TRUST 70 Cancer Diagnosis and Imaging Research ICR/RMT Joint Department of Physics CRC Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research Group RMT Academic and Service Departments of Diagnostic Radiology RMT Department of Nuclear Medicine RMT Department of Anatomical Pathology SPECIAL TOPICS M edical imaging plays a vital role in the diagnosis and staging of cancer and in the monitoring and evaluation of a wide range of therapies. Much imaging development is technologically led and the Institute and Trust have a range of advanced imaging equipment providing a valuable resource for basic research, clinical research and development and clinical management. This section of the Report brings together all the imaging-based research, including: the development of a large-area positron ...

Multiclass cancer diagnosis using Bayesian kernel machine models Sounak Chakraborty 1 , Bani K Mallick 2 , Debashis Ghosh 3 , Malay Ghosh 1 1 Department of Statistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA 2 Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA 3 Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA 1 Introduction Cancer classification relies on the subjective interpretation of both clinical and histopathological information with eye toward placing tumors in currently accepted categories based on the tissue of origin of tumor. Current frameworks, however, are unable to discriminate among tumors with similar histopathologic features, which vary in clinical course and in response to treatment. There is increasing interest in changing the basis of tumor ...

THE INSTITUTE OF CANCER RESEARCH – THE ROYAL MARSDEN NHS TRUST 30 The Institute/The Royal Marsden Joint Department of Physics CRC Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research Group The Royal Marsden Academic and Service Departments of Diagnostic Radiology The Royal Marsden Department of Nuclear Medicine The Royal Marsden Department of Anatomical Pathology CANCER DIAGNOSIS AND IMAGING RESEARCH M edical imaging plays a vital role in the diagnosis and staging of cancer and in the monitoring and evaluation of a wide range of therapies. Much imaging development is technologically led and The Institute and The Royal Marsden have a range of advanced imaging equipment providing a valuable resource for basic research, clinical research and development and clinical management. This section of the report brings together all the imaging-based research, including: ...

Picturing the future of skin cancer diagnosis Detecting skin cancer early saves lives, but is a job for specialists. A new European system based on confocal imaging promises to improve detection and diagnosis rates by 20 per cent and to speed up the whole process considerably. Skin cancer is on the increase. Recent statistics for Germany show that some 10 to 12 people in every 100,000 get the disease every year. Alarmingly, this figure is growing at the rate of five to ten per cent annually. From the same group, some 140 will also get non- melanoma or less serious skin cancers. “ Diagnosis of skin cancers can take weeks, depending on the health system,” says Dr Jafer Sheblee, coordinator of the IST project EDISCIM . “The process involves visits to a general practitioner and a hospital specialist. With our new system, we hope to replace these visits with just one visit and by detecting ...

EUROPEAN COMMISSION DIRECTORATE-GENERAL JOINT RESEARCH CENTRE Institutional and scientific relations Public Relations JRC fact sheet Facilitating cancer diagnosis The Joint Research Centre (JRC) - a Directorate-General of the European Commission - together with Amersham Health, has set up production facilities for one of the key substances for cancer diagnosis : 18 F-fludeoxyglucose ( 18 F- FDG). The location of tumours can be detected using Positron Emission Tomography (PET) medical imaging after 18 F-FDG has been administered to patients. However, because of its short half-life, 18 F-FDG normally must be produced either locally or on-site by the hospital using it. The JRC Cyclotron facility hosts the first radiopharmaceutical laboratory in Italy licensed to ...

EUROPEAN COMMISSION DIRECTORATE-GENERAL JOINT RESEARCH CENTRE Institutional and scientific relations Public Relations JRC fact sheet Illuminating cancer diagnosis The Joint Research Centre (JRC), a Directorate-General of the European Commission, has developed an imaging system for the detection and diagnosis of pancreatic cancer . Fluorescence endoscopy enables the non- invasive early diagnosis of various cancers, and acts as a visual aid to safer surgical interventions. The JRC-managed thematic network on new medical imaging technologies for monitoring and diagnosing diseases (MEDPHOT) supported inter-laboratory comparisons and clinical trails, acting as an ideal platform for introducing the technology to the medical imaging community. As Europe’s population ages, the incidence of many diseases and various medical conditions requiring ...

FAST TRACK Cancer survival is dependent on season of diagnosis and sunlight exposure Hyun-Sook Lim 1 * , Rahul Roychoudhuri 1 , Julian Peto 2,3 , Gary Schwartz 4 , Peter Baade 5 and Henrik Møller 1,2 1 King’s College London, Thames Cancer Registry, London, United Kingdom 2 Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom 3 Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom 4 Department of Cancer Biology and Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 5 Viertel Centre for Research in Cancer Control, Queensland Cancer Fund, Spring Hill, Australia Sunlight is essential ...

45.7 22.2 9.7 22.4 In Situ Local Regional Distant 5.0 19.7 23.3 52.0 7.6 20.0 23.9 48.5 54.5 3.6 20.6 21.3 11.7 20.9 43.0 24.4 49.3 6.5 18.6 25.5 Females: Males: All Cancers: Percent of Cancer Cases by Stage of Disease at Diagnosis All Cancers by Sex, Pennsylvania Residents, 1992 and 2002 2002 1992 All Cancer Cases – When cancers are diagnosed during an early (in situ or local) stage, treatment can be effective and survival rates are higher than for cancers diagnosed during a late (regional or distant) stage. Among Pennsylvania residents, early stage diagnoses have remained in the 55-57 percent range for the years ...

INTRODUCTION It is estimated that by the end of 2002 as many as 203,500 new cases of invasive breast cancer will have been diagnosed in the United States. Breast cancer is not only the most commonly occurring cancer in women, it is the second leading cause of cancer deaths. 1 Presently, all women in the United States bear a one in eight lifetime risk of developing breast cancer . Some areas are known to have an even greater risk. Lifetime risk is defined as the probability that an individual will develop the disease or die from it in the course of her lifetime. Statistically, 99% of people who develop breast cancer are female. Approximately 1 out of 150 cases of breast cancer is male. In the United States, white women have the greatest risk of developing breast cancer ; however, African-American women are more likely to die of it. 2 ...

I Sing the Body Electric Phillips et al. I Sing the Body Electric: Description of an Innovative Health Promotion and Fine Arts Program for Adolescents Kathleen Phillips, PhD 1 ; Julie Dietz, PhD 1 ; Mark Borzi, PhD 2 ; Gaye Harrison, MA 3 Authors 1 are affiliated with the Department of Health Studies at Eastern Illinois University. Author 2 is affiliated with the Speech Communication Studies Department at Eastern Illinois University. Author 3 is affiliated with the I Sing the Body Electric program. Contact Author: Kathleen Phillips, Eastern Illinois University, Department of Health Studies, 600 Lincoln Ave, 1630 Lantz Building, Charleston, IL, 61920; phone: 217-581-6315; fax: 217-581-7013; email: kphillips2@eiu.edu Submitted February 24, 2006; Revised and Accepted ...

Online Discussion to Promote Critical Reflection Curtis Using Online Discussion Forums to Promote Critical Reflection among Pre and In-Service HIV/AIDS Educators and Service Providers Jena Nicols Curtis, EdD The author is affiliated with the Health Department at SUNY Cortland. Contact Author: Curtis Jena, SUNY Cortland, Health Department, Moffett Center, room 203, PO Box 2000, Cortland, NY, 13045; phone: 607-753-2979; fax: 607-753-4226; email: curtisj@cortland.edu Submitted June 1, 2006; Revised and Accepted August 8, 2006 Abstract Around the globe, people with HIV/AIDS are increasingly those who are most marginalized within their societies and with least access to health education and prevention efforts. Rising HIV infection rates within underserved populations demonstrate a vital need to critically reflect upon the nature and practice of HIV/AIDS education ...

Transrectal Ultrasound and Biopsy in the Early Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer Jeffrey C. Applewhite, MD, Brian R.Matlaga, MD, MPH, David L.McCullough, MD, and M.Craig Hall, MD Background: Historically, the prostate was evaluated for cancer by simple digital rectal examination, and biopsy to obtain a tissue diagnosis of cancer was performed blindly. The advent of ultrasound technology offered a new way to evaluate the prostate, and biopsy techniques were soon developed to incorporate ultrasound guidance. Methods: The authors review the role of transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) of the prostate and ultrasound-guided biopsy of the prostate in the diagnosis of prostate cancer . These techniques are traced from their origins to the current standards of care, with attention paid to developments and controversies in recent literature. Results: Early experience with TRUS led to the description ...

Medical_Radiation_Imaging_for_Cancer Advances in Medical Radiation Imaging for Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment A. Introduction 1. Cancer management requires reliable diagnosis in order to identify the primary tumour and assess its dissemination to surrounding tissues, as well as to other organs and structures throughout the body. This process, technically called ‘staging’, is of paramount importance in deciding the therapeutic approach to be taken, since staging dictates prognosis and consequently therapy. Imaging by means of radiation medicine techniques is usually the first step in clinical management and diagnostic radiology and nuclear medicine studies play important roles in screening, staging, monitoring of treatment, and in long term surveillance of cancer patients. 2. Until a few decades ago, medical imaging was dominated by planar (projection view) X-ray radiography aimed at ...

a report by Armin Pycha and Christine Mian Chief, Department of Urology and Biologist, Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Bolzano, Italy Superficial bladder cancer is defined as a disease that is confined to the mucosa and submucosal layers of the bladder (tumour, node, metastases (TNM) classification). As pTa and pT1 tumours can be removed by TUR, they are grouped under the heading ‘superficial bladder cancer ’ for therapeutic purposes. However, this is not a homogeneous entity, as it unites high grade lesions with low grade lesions and because the morphological presentation can be papillary or flat at the different stages of tumour – pTa, pT1 and carcinoma in situ (CIS). Furthermore, their oncogenesis runs along different pathways with different oncological potential, and therefore with varying clinical outcome. Cytogenetic ...

A Novel Biomarker for Diagnosis of Ulcerative Colitis and Colon Cancer Background Tropomyosins are microfilament-associated proteins found in all eukaryotes and have been implicated in autoimmune diseases such as ulcerative colitis. To date, eight different isoforms (hTM1, hTM2, hTM3, hTMsma, hTM5a, hTM5b, hTM4, and hTM5) have been identified. Although anti- tropomyosin autoantibodies have been detected in the sera of patients with ulcerative colitis, the autoantigen triggering the autoantibody response has not been definitively identified. Previous studies at UMDNJ have identified hTM5 as the predominant immunogen in ulcerative colitis patients. Ulcerative colitis is difficult to diagnose because its symptoms are similar to other intestinal disorders. Furthermore, about 5% of patients with ulcerative colitis develop colon cancer . Thus, the identification of the autoantigen(s), in particular, the specific ...

Criteria for diagnosis of breast cancer 1/2 Patients with a breast abnormality (lump or mammographic finding) usually require triple assessment—clinical, imaging, biopsy. Clinical examination Systematically examine both breasts (in sitting and lying position), axillae and supraclavicular fossae. Document clinical features. Imaging Obtain mammogram with magnification and, or, cone compression view of suspicious lesions. Use ultrasound scan for further evaluation. Biopsy Obtain pre-operative diagnosis by fine needle aspiration or core biopsy after clinical examination, where possible. Use image-guided biopsy if lesion is not definitely palpable. Comments Clinical examination Clinical features include size of mass lesion, location of mass lesion by clock face position and distance from nipple, skin changes, nipple changes, deep fixation, muscle attachment. ...

GP 1 patient Hospital Radiology Hospital Colorectal Surgery Pathology Lab Pharmacist Hospital Gastroenterologist Hospital Pathology Hospital Oncologist patient tired patient visits GP GP takes blood sample GP sends blood sample to Pathologist Pathologist returns results to GP patient visits GP patient returns FOBT sample GP hands patient FOBT kit GP takes further blood test GP sends FOBT sample to pathologist Pathologist returns results to GP (low Hb, low ferritin, FOBT ++) Patient referred to gastroent. @ hospital Patient visits gastroenterologist (colonoscopy & endoscopy scheduled) Patient undergoes colonoscopy/endoscopy (large lesion, biopsies taken - referred surgery next day) Pathology confirms colon cancer CT scan of abdomen with Barium contrast Gastroenterology informs Colorectal Surgery CT results (lesions, <1cm ...

T UESDAY , S EPTEMBER 5 TH 2006 395. Lung perfusion and lung cancer : imaging, diagnosis and treatment E4439 Degree of concordance between spiral computed tomography and ventilation perfusion lung scan in the diagnosis of pulmonary thromboembolism Margarida Palla Garcia 1 , Filipa Todo Bom 1 , Ana Cristina Mendes 1 , Wilma Magalhães 1 , Guilhermina Cantinho 2 , Paula Campos 3 , Isabel Correia 1 , Renato Sotto Mayor 1 , António Bugalho de Almeida 1 . 1 Pneumology Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisboa, Portugal; 2 Nuclear Medicine Department, Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; 3 Radiology Department, ...

cancer diagnosis Best Basis for Primary Cancer Diagnosis at this episode Item Details The table below shows the characteristics of this data item. Title Best Basis of Primary Cancer Diagnosis at this Episode Version 1 Format 1 Character – Alpha/Numeric Effective Start Date 1 July 2000 Effective End Date Current Preceded By n.a. Standard NSW Cancer Registry Related Standards International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, Second Edition, World Health Organisation. Collection Points Formal Admission HIE Name TBA HIE Table TBA Last Updated On 18 January 2002 Instruction Report the best basis of diagnosis ...

cancer diagnosis Date of Diagnosis of Primary Cancer Item Details The table below shows the characteristics of this data item. Title Date of Diagnosis of Primary Cancer Version 1 Revision 2 Format 8 Characters – DDMMYYYY Effective Start Date 1 July 2000 Effective End Date Current Preceded By n.a. Standard International Agency for Research on Cancer , World Health Organisation and International Association of Cancer Registries. Collection Points Formal Discharge Type Change Separation HIE Name TBA HIE Table TBA Last Updated On 25 September 2002 Instruction Report the date the primary cancer was first diagnosed. ...

cancer diagnosis State of Residence at Time of Diagnosis of Primary Cancer Item Details The table below shows the characteristics of this data item. Titles State/Territory at Time of Diagnosis of Primary Cancer Version 1 Format 1 Character – Alpha/Numeric Effective Start Date 1 July 2000 Effective End Date Current Preceded By n.a. Standard NSW Health Department Collection Points On Formal Admission HIE Name TBA HIE Table TBA Last Updated On 24 July 2006 Instruction Report the State the patient usually resided in at the time they were first diagnosed with the primary cancer being reported. ...

ENSE ˜ NANZA REVISTA MEXICANA DE FISICA E 52 (1) 78–83 JUNIO 2006 Safety of UV radiation for autofluorescence diagnosis of skin cancer J.A. Delgado and I. Quesada Department of Physics, Centre for Technological Applications and Nuclear Development, CEADEN-CITMA, P.O. Box 6122. Havana, Cuba. Currently at INAOE, Tonantzintla, Puebla, Mexico. L.M. Monta˜no Department of Physics, CINVESTAV-IPN, Apartado Postal 14-740,07000 Mexico, D.F. Mexico. L. Anasagasti National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology, INOR-MINSAP, P.O. Box 6024, Havana, Cuba. Recibido el 10 de agosto de 2005; aceptado el 8 de diciembre de 2005 It has been demonstrated that ex-vivo human skin autofluorescence is different for healthy and diseased tissue. In order to use these results for in vivo clinical applications, it is necessary to guarantee safe levels of UV radiation during skin ...

S:\Patient Involvement\Meetings and Events\Patient Forum\Forum 201005\Forum Report 201005a.doc Tayside Cancer Network Patient Forum Report from Patient Forum Meeting 20 October 2005 14 Forum members and three members of staff attended the Forum. Four members sent apologies (see Appendix for list). This was a one-item agenda: patient information and how it is made available to patients, their carers and family. 1 Introduction This issue is complex. While some people want to know as much as possible about their cancer and future treatments, others choose to know nothing. Some opt not to tell even family or friends about their cancer . It is one of the issues raised most by patient representatives. The three Perth and Dundee groups assisting Stirling University Cancer Care Research Centre in its work also raise the topic regularly. Patients have spoken of not being ...

Bladder Cancer a report by Matthew E Nielsen , MD , and Rober t H Getzenberg , PhD Brady Urological Institute at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Bladder cancer is the seventh most common cancer worldwide, with an estimated 260,000 new cases in men and 76,000 cases in women reported in 2000.The highest incidence rates of bladder cancer in both sexes have been observed in Europe, North America, and Australia.The American Cancer Society (ACS) estimated that over 60,000 new cases were diagnosed in the US in 2005,with over 15,000 deaths due to bladder cancer . In Europe, annual mortality rates from bladder cancer have been relatively stable at approximately 49,500 per year. Urothelial carcinoma arises from the transitional epithelial lining of the urinary tract. Tumors are most typically found ...

S UNDAY , S EPTEMBER 3 RD 2006 57. Early detection, diagnosis , staging and clinical features of lung cancer E794 A novel autofluorescence imaging bronchovideoscope system for the detection of preinvasive bronchial lesions and malignant lesions Kiyoshi Shibuya 1 , Takahiro Nakajima 1 , Kazuhiro Yasufuku 1 , Akira Iyoda 1 , Makoto Suzuki 1 , Yasuo Sekine 1 , Toshihiko Iizasa 1 , Kenzo Hiroshima 2 , Yukio Nakatani 2 , Takehiko Fujisawa 1 . 1 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; 2 Department of Clinical Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan ...

July 2006, Vol. 13, No. 3 158 Cancer Control Introduction Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy other than superficial skin cancer ,and it is the second leading cause of cancer -related death in American men. The incidence of the disease is increasing in the United States where 1 in 6 American men will develop pros- tate cancer over his lifespan. 1 Its incidence has also been increasing worldwide with a marked peak inci- dence in the 1990s following the introduction of the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test. However,there are The Role of Prevalence in the Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer Nicolas B. Delongchamps, MD, Amar Singh, MD, and Gabriel P. Haas, MD Background: The worldwide incidence of prostate cancer has been rising rapidly, likely due to intensified effort in early detection and screening. Intense effort is ...

AFAP ß - a novel protein with potential applications in metastatic cancer diagnosis and treatment Business Opportunity Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer -related death yet currently no drug on the market has demonstrated efficacy against this type of cancer . The Western Australia Institute for Medical Research at UWA has identified a potential therapeutic target and diagnostic marker in metastatic cancer . A novel molecule, AFAP has demonstrated the ability to transform cells into a metastatic phenotype. Furthermore, AFAP mRNA and protein is expressed in breast, prostate cancer and leukemic cell lines. AFAP interacts with two other proteins that are involved in the regulation of the cytoskeleton and in cell migration, suggesting a metastatic function. Both applications have considerable market potential and validated technology should be an attractive in-licensing ...

New devices for monitoring of New devices for monitoring of breast cancer breast cancer Daniele Montruccoli University La Sapienza, Roma; Geneva Foundation For Medical Education and Research – World Health Organization Collaborative Centre, Italy eGeH eGeH eGeH 06 06 06 e e e - - - GOVERNMENT & e GOVERNMENT & e GOVERNMENT & e - - - HEALTH HEALTH HEALTH 3 3 3 rd rd rd International Conference and Exhibition International Conference and Exhibition International Conference and Exhibition ( Chairman: Francesco Sicurello July, 7-9, 2006 Villa Tittoni-Traversi Via Lampugnani, 66 Desio (MI) Page 2 Breast ...

cancer NANOTECHNOLOGY Going Small for Big Advances Using Nanotechnology to Advance Cancer Diagnosis , Prevention and Treatment U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Cancer Institute January 2004 Page 2 cancer Nanotechnology 1 To help meet the goal of eliminating death and suffering from cancer by 2015, the National Cancer Institute is engaged in efforts to harness the power of nanotechnology to radically change the way we diagnose, image, and treat cancer . Already, NCI programs have supported research on novel nanodevices capable of one or more clinically important functions, including detecting cancer at its earliest stages, pinpointing its location within the body, delivering anticancer drugs specifically to malignant cells, ...

Modern Topics in Raman Spectroscopy July 24-28, IQUSP, São Paulo, Brazil Instituto de Química Universidade de São Paulo -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 -0.6 -0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 PC2 P C 4 RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY APPLIED TO CANCER DIAGNOSIS Renata A. Bitar 1 , Ana M. E. Santo 1 , Herculano Martinho 1 , Walter A. A. Jara 1 , Airton A. Martin 1* . 1 Laboratory of Biomedical Spectroscopy - UNIVAP - São José dos Campos - Brazil * amartin@univap.br I NTRODUCTION The analysis by conventional biopsy of the suspicious lesion is considered the gold standard procedure for the diagnosis confirmation ...